{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T18:23:54Z","timestamp":1788546234348,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]],"date-time":"2022-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>High-intensity, low-frequency magnetic fields (MFs) have been widely used in the treatment of diseases and in drug delivery, even though they could induce structural changes in pharmacological molecules. Morphological changes in ketoprofen and KiOil were investigated through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Unsupervised principal component analysis was carried out for data clustering. Clinical validation on 22 patients with lower back pain was managed using diamagnetic therapy plus topical ketoprofen or KiOil. The Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and Short-Form Health Survey 36 (SF-36) were used to evaluate clinical and functional response. Ketoprofen showed clear clustering among samples exposed to MF (4000\u2013650 cm\u22121), and in the narrow frequency band (1675\u20131475 cm\u22121), results evidenced structural changes which involved other excipients than ketoprofen. KiOil has evidenced structural modifications in the subcomponents of the formulation. Clinical treatment with ketoprofen showed an average NRS of 7.77 \u00b1 2.25 before and an average NRS of 2.45 \u00b1 2.38 after MF treatment. There was a statistically significant reduction in NRS (p = 0.003) and in SF-36 (p &lt; 0.005). Patients treated with KiOil showed an average NRS of 7.59 \u00b1 2.49 before treatment and an average NRS of 1.90 \u00b1 2.26 after treatment (p &lt; 0.005). SF-36 showed statistical significance for all items except limitations due to emotional problems. A high-intensity pulsed magnetic field is an adjunct to topical treatment in patients with localized pain, and the effect of MF does not evidence significant effects on the molecules.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering9100503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,25]],"date-time":"2022-09-25T21:14:28Z","timestamp":1664140468000},"page":"503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["FT-IR Analysis of Structural Changes in Ketoprofen Lysine Salt and KiOil Caused by a Pulsed Magnetic Field"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3391-1698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore Andrea","family":"Pullano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BATS Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, \u201cMagna Gr\u00e6cia\u201d University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1478-9551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianmarco","family":"Marcian\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit, Department of Health Sciences, \u201cMagna Gr\u00e6cia\u201d University of Catanzaro, Mater Domini Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2705-8718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Giovanna","family":"Bianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, \u201cMagna Gr\u00e6cia\u201d University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6812-5614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Oliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BATS Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, \u201cMagna Gr\u00e6cia\u201d University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9938-5259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Rania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit, Department of Health Sciences, \u201cMagna Gr\u00e6cia\u201d University of Catanzaro, Mater Domini Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Vocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit, Department of Health Sciences, \u201cMagna Gr\u00e6cia\u201d University of Catanzaro, Mater Domini Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0562-0597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika","family":"Cione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018\u20132022, University of Calabria, Ed. Polifunzionale, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Rende, Italy"},{"name":"GalaScreen Laboratories, University of Calabria, Ed. Polifunzionale, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Rende, Italy"},{"name":"Medifarmagen SRL, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7629-6579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovambattista","family":"De Sarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit, Department of Health Sciences, \u201cMagna Gr\u00e6cia\u201d University of Catanzaro, Mater Domini Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"},{"name":"FAS@UMG Research Center, Department of Health Sciences, \u201cMagna Gr\u00e6cia\u201d University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0858-7902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Gallelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit, Department of Health Sciences, \u201cMagna Gr\u00e6cia\u201d University of Catanzaro, Mater Domini Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018\u20132022, University of Calabria, Ed. Polifunzionale, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Rende, Italy"},{"name":"GalaScreen Laboratories, University of Calabria, Ed. Polifunzionale, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Rende, Italy"},{"name":"Medifarmagen SRL, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"},{"name":"FAS@UMG Research Center, Department of Health Sciences, \u201cMagna Gr\u00e6cia\u201d University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Romeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Istituto di Ricovero E Cura A Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20123 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"La Gatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BATS Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, \u201cMagna Gr\u00e6cia\u201d University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6163-7804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonino S.","family":"Fiorillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BATS Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, \u201cMagna Gr\u00e6cia\u201d University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caliceti, P., and Matricardi, P. 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