{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:30:49Z","timestamp":1760243449002,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]],"date-time":"2022-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Electrical impedance (EI) is a property of all living tissues and represents the resistance to the electric current flow through a living tissue. EI depends on the structure and chemical composition of the tissue. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of age, sex, and electrode pressure on the EI values of healthy oral mucosa. The study involved 101 participants with healthy oral mucosa who were divided into three age groups. EI was measured in seven anatomical regions. Results: Significant differences between different age groups were found. Younger participants (20\u201340 years) had significantly higher EI values than the older participants (60+). Significantly higher EI values were found in women at all localisations at all measured frequencies, except on the hard palate. EI values measured with higher sub-pressure were significantly lower than values measured with lower sub-pressure at all frequencies and localisations, except the tongue dorsum, tongue border, and sublingual mucosa. Conclusions: This study found that EI values in healthy oral mucosa depend on age and sex and may also depend on the pressure of the measuring device. These factors should be kept in mind when EI is used as a diagnostic method for different oral lesions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering9100592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,23]],"date-time":"2022-10-23T20:43:50Z","timestamp":1666557830000},"page":"592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Age and Sex on Electrical Impedance Values in Healthy Oral Mucosa"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Kristina","family":"Horvat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivica","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vesna","family":"Vuceli\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Anaesthesiology, Clinical Hospital Centre \u201cSestre Milosrdnice\u201d, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2907-8640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kre\u0161imir","family":"Gr\u0161i\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Ear, Nose, Throat and Head and Neck Surgery, University Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dinko","family":"Leovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Ear, Nose, Throat and Head and Neck Surgery, University Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8076-7591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivana","family":"\u0160krinjar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"Clinic for Dentistry, University Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8369-1024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Andabak Rogulj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"Clinic for Dentistry, University Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marko","family":"Velimir Grgi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Otolaryngologyand Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Hospital Centre \u201cSestre Milosrdnice\u201d, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8449-871X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vlaho","family":"Brailo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"Clinic for Dentistry, University Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grimes, S., and Martinsen, G. 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