{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T10:13:22Z","timestamp":1772792002308,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at Najran University, Saudi Arabia","award":["NU\/RC\/MRC\/11\/4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU\/RC\/MRC\/11\/4"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteoporosis, a chronic bone disorder, is one of the leading causes of fracture and morbidity risk. Numerous medicinally important herbs have been evaluated for their efficacy in improving bone mass density in exhaustive preclinical and limited clinical studies. Nigella sativa L. has been used as local folk medicine, and traditional healers have used it to manage various ailments. Its reported beneficial effects include controlling bone and joint diseases. The present manuscript aimed to provide a sound discussion on the pharmacological evidence of N. sativa and its active constituent, thymoquinone, for its utility in the effective management of osteoporosis. N. sativa is reported to possess anti-IL-1 and anti-TNF-\u03b1-mediated anti-inflammatory effects, leading to positive effects on bone turnover markers, such as alkaline phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. It is reported to stimulate bone regeneration by prompting osteoblast proliferation, ossification, and decreasing osteoclast cells. Thymoquinone from N. sativa has exhibited an antioxidant effect on bone tissue by reducing the FeNTA-induced oxidative stress. The present manuscript highlights phytochemistry, pharmacological effect, and the important mechanistic perspective of N. sativa and its active constituents for the management of osteoporosis. Further, it also provides sound discussion on the utilization of a nanotechnology-mediated drug delivery approach as a promising strategy to improve the therapeutic performance of N. sativa and its active constituent, thymoquinone, in the effective management of osteoporosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering9110631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T06:49:02Z","timestamp":1667371742000},"page":"631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Utilization of Nanotechnology to Improve Bone Health in Osteoporosis Exploiting Nigella sativa and Its Active Constituent Thymoquinone"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7025-751X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javed","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1902-2328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassan A.","family":"Albarqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2979-8776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Zaki","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4288-6829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed A. A.","family":"Orabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut-Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9343-1066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shadab","family":"Md","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9339-3285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ritam","family":"Bandopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5438-0350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faraha","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar 110062, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Ahmed","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar 110062, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9445-5879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javed","family":"Ahamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7863-5581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Awanish","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)\u2013Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup 781101, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2020.06.004","article-title":"Osteoporosis in Older Adults","volume":"104","author":"Johnston","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. 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