{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:01:29Z","timestamp":1791277289639,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]],"date-time":"2022-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer with tissue-adhesive properties. When PAA is mixed with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in water, it forms a water-insoluble precipitate that neither swells nor adheres to tissues. Methods and Results: We developed a novel solid\/solution interface complexation method to obtain a water-swellable PAA\/PVP complex. First, PAA solution was dried up in a vessel to form a film. The PAA film was then immersed in an aqueous PVP solution to obtain a highly swollen PAA\/PVP hydrogel. Heat drying of the hydrogel yielded a transparent film, while freeze-drying the hydrogel provided a soft sponge. Both the PAA\/PVP film and sponge could be re-swelled by water to obtain a bioadhesive gel. A relatively larger specific surface area of the sponge than that of the film led to a more rapid swelling and water absorption behavior and quick adhesion to tissues. The addition of hyaluronic acid (HA) improved the mechanical characteristics of the sponges. PAA\/PVP\/HA sponges had low cytotoxicity, and they exhibited high hemostatic efficiency in clinical studies after dialysis treatment or tooth extraction, even in patients on antithrombotic drugs. Conclusions: Such bioadhesive materials consisting of low-toxicity polymers have a high potential for use in medical hemostatic devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering9120755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T06:29:09Z","timestamp":1670221749000},"page":"755","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Water-Absorbing Bioadhesive Poly(Acrylic Acid)\/Polyvinylpyrrolidone Complex Sponge for Hemostatic Agents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Obara Hospital Research Institute, 3-28-16, Honcho, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-0012, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shingo","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Shin-Yamanote Hospital, 3-6-1, Suwa-cho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0021, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Soga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Shin-Yamanote Hospital, 3-6-1, Suwa-cho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0021, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Shin-Yamanote Hospital, 3-6-1, Suwa-cho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0021, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2847-0341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takayuki","family":"Yoshimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Koyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obara Hospital Research Institute, 3-28-16, Honcho, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-0012, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12864","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c01015","article-title":"Engineered Hemostatic Biomaterials for Sealing Wounds","volume":"122","author":"Montazerian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. 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