{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:58:13Z","timestamp":1792789093733,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,25]],"date-time":"2020-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002850","name":"Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1161510, 1201664, 11171057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1161510, 1201664, 11171057"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"RCUK-CONICYT","award":["MR\/N02625X\/1, BB\/N0240521\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/N02625X\/1, BB\/N0240521\/1"]}]},{"name":"USA VRIDEI \/ DICYT-USACH","award":["USA1899 VRIDEI \/ DICYT-USACH 021943IB-PAP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["USA1899 VRIDEI \/ DICYT-USACH 021943IB-PAP"]}]},{"name":"Scholarship Program Becas Chile-DAAD: Doctoral scholarship with bilateral agreement abroad CONICYT-DAAD","award":["Convocatoria 2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Convocatoria 2016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The thymus in vertebrates plays a critical role in producing functionally competent T-lymphocytes. Phylogenetically, the thymus emerges early during evolution in jawed cartilaginous fish, and it is usually a bilateral organ placed subcutaneously at the dorsal commissure of the operculum. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the thymus localization, histology studies, cell composition, and function in teleost fishes. Furthermore, we consider environmental factors that affect thymus development, such as seasonal changes, photoperiod, water temperature fluctuations and hormones. Further analysis of the thymus cell distribution and function will help us understand how key stages for developing functional T cells occur in fish, and how thymus dynamics can be modulated by external factors like photoperiod. Overall, the information presented here helps identify the knowledge gaps and future steps needed for a better understanding of the immunobiology of fish thymus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10010008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,25]],"date-time":"2020-12-25T09:30:19Z","timestamp":1608888619000},"page":"8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Revisiting the Teleost Thymus: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Felipe","family":"Barraza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Aquatic Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O\u2019Higgins, Estaci\u00f3n Central, Santiago 3363, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Montero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Wong-Benito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Aquatic Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O\u2019Higgins, Estaci\u00f3n Central, Santiago 3363, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9ctor","family":"Valenzuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Aquatic Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O\u2019Higgins, Estaci\u00f3n Central, Santiago 3363, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8451-7047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Godoy-Guzm\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical and Applied Research (CIBAP), School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Av. Bernardo O\u2019Higgins, Estaci\u00f3n Central, Santiago 3363, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7829-0568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fanny","family":"Guzm\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N\u00facleo Biotecnolog\u00eda Curauma, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso, Valpara\u00edso 2373223, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"K\u00f6llner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiehui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Secombes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Maisey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, Center of Aquatic Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O\u2019Higgins, Estaci\u00f3n Central, Santiago 3363, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8767-9180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Imarai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Aquatic Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O\u2019Higgins, Estaci\u00f3n Central, Santiago 3363, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.001","article-title":"The Role of the thymus in the immune response","volume":"29","author":"Thapa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thorac. Surg. 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