{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:54:47Z","timestamp":1790700887248,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Anisakis simplex (A. simplex) infection, in humans, causes a series of clinical manifestations affecting the gastro-intestinal tract known as Anisakiasis\/Anisakidosis. Patients may also present allergic manifestations such as hives and\/or angioedema and even anaphylactic shock. The aim of this study was to investigate whether aquacultured fish could be considered A.simplex-free food and constitute a safe, alternative, wild-capture fish food for Gastro-Allergic Anisakiasis (GAA)-sensitized subjects. Methods: Protein extracts from A. simplex larvae in the third stage (L3) and from edible part of heavily infected horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) and aquacultured sea bream, have been tested for A. simplex allergens presence by immunological analysis. Western blot analysis using, as source of specific Anisakis allergens antibodies, serum samples from subjects referring allergic symptoms after raw fish ingestion, was performed. These subjects showed high levels of specific IgE anti A.simplex allergens determined by clinical laboratory tests (ISAC test). Results: Our data demonstrate the presence of Ani s4 allergen in both infected and aquacultured fish extracts, providing a possible interpretation for the allergic manifestations reported by subjects, already sensitized to A. simplex, who ate frozen or well-cooked or, even, aquacultured fish. Conclusions: The present data stimulate more accurate prophylaxis suggestions for Anisakis allergy and more specific controls of fishmeal used in aquaculture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10020106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T13:01:12Z","timestamp":1612270872000},"page":"106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Anisakis Allergy: Is Aquacultured Fish a Safe and Alternative Food to Wild-Capture Fisheries for Anisakis simplex-Sensitized Patients?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Polimeno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Polypheno Academic Spin Off, University of Bari \u201cA. Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1789-6611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Lisanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Campus Universitario \u201cErnesto Quagliariello\u201d, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margherita","family":"Rossini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pathology Unit, Policlinico University Hospital of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Giacovazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Campus Universitario \u201cErnesto Quagliariello\u201d, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucrezia","family":"Polimeno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polypheno Academic Spin Off, University of Bari \u201cA. Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7571-0969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucantonio","family":"Debellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Campus Universitario \u201cErnesto Quagliariello\u201d, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8758-1415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Ballini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Campus Universitario \u201cErnesto Quagliariello\u201d, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Skender","family":"Topi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Disciplines, University of Elbasan \u201cA. Xhuvani\u201d, 3001 Elbasan, Albania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5671-8124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Santacroce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polypheno Academic Spin Off, University of Bari \u201cA. Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Disciplines, University of Elbasan \u201cA. Xhuvani\u201d, 3001 Elbasan, Albania"},{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Microbiology and Virology Unit, Policlinico University Hospital of Bari, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00012-07","article-title":"Anisakis simplex: From obscure infectious worm to inducer of immune hypersensitivity","volume":"21","author":"Audicana","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"4090","article-title":"Anisakid Nematodes as Possible Markers to Trace Fish Products","volume":"4","author":"Ferrantelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ital. J. 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