{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T15:43:29Z","timestamp":1781365409163,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The intestinal microbiome (IM) is important for normal gastrointestinal (GI) and other organ systems\u2019 functioning. An alteration in the normal IM, dysbiosis, and changes in intestinal motility result in microorganisms\u2019 overgrowth and an alteration in intestinal permeability. The gut\u2013brain axis is also of importance in the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and associated bowel overgrowth. Secondary to the epidemic of obesity, the metabolic syndrome has become a major health problem. Disturbances in the fecal microbiome are associated with the metabolic syndrome. Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is now the current terminology for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. IM alteration by fecal transplantation is an approved treatment method for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. Initially performed by either duodenal infusion or colonoscopy, it is now easily performed by the administration of capsules containing stools. We discuss the intestinal microbiome\u2014its composition, as well as the qualitative changes of microbiome composition leading to inflammation. In addition, we discuss the evidence of the effect of fecal transplantation on the metabolic syndrome and MAFLD, as well as its clinical indications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10050447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T06:13:45Z","timestamp":1621491225000},"page":"447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Treating the Metabolic Syndrome by Fecal Transplantation\u2014Current Status"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Stephen D. H.","family":"Malnick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Cj Kaplan Medical Center, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Cj Kaplan Medical Center, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Somin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Cj Kaplan Medical Center, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela G.","family":"Neuman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology, Banting Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1223813","article-title":"Host-gut microbiota metabolic interactions","volume":"336","author":"Nicholson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.08.014","article-title":"Treating clostridium difficile infection with fecal microbiota transplantation","volume":"9","author":"Bakken","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. 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