{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T01:36:30Z","timestamp":1790732190381,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,22]],"date-time":"2021-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/M009971\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/M009971\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Blastocystis is a microbial eukaryote inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract of a broad range of animals including humans. Several studies have shown that the organism is associated with specific microbial profiles and bacterial taxa that have been deemed beneficial to intestinal and overall health. Nonetheless, these studies are focused almost exclusively on humans, while there is no similar information on other animals. (2) Methods: Using a combination of conventional PCR, cloning and sequencing, we investigated presence of Blastocystis along with Giardia and Cryptosporidium in 16 captive water voles sampled twice from a wildlife park. We also characterised their bacterial gut communities. (3) Results: Overall, alpha and beta diversities between water voles with and without Blastocystis did not differ significantly. Differences were noted only on individual taxa with Treponema and Kineothrix being significantly reduced in Blastocystis positive water voles. Grouping according to antiprotozoal treatment and presence of other protists did not reveal any differences in the bacterial community composition either. (4) Conclusion: Unlike human investigations, Blastocystis does not seem to be associated with specific gut microbial profiles in water voles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10060457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,23]],"date-time":"2021-05-23T23:59:03Z","timestamp":1621814343000},"page":"457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Parasites, Drugs and Captivity: Blastocystis-Microbiome Associations in Captive Water Voles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Emma L.","family":"Betts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular and Evolutionary Parasitology, RAPID Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5311-5296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumaiya","family":"Hoque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular and Evolutionary Parasitology, RAPID Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Torbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular and Evolutionary Parasitology, RAPID Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5951-2719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica R.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular and Evolutionary Parasitology, RAPID Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hazel","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildwood Trust, Herne Common, Herne Bay CT6 7LQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Toller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildwood Trust, Herne Common, Herne Bay CT6 7LQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicki","family":"Breakell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildwood Trust, Herne Common, Herne Bay CT6 7LQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0262-9895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angus I.","family":"Carpenter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Brackenhurst Campus, Nottingham Trent University, Nottinghamshire NG1 4FQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Diana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics, Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Matechou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics, Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Gentekaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Human Gut Microbiome for Health Research Unit, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5424-1905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasios D.","family":"Tsaousis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular and 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