{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T12:51:03Z","timestamp":1776775863136,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,27]],"date-time":"2021-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The existing data show that inflammasomes play a role in periodontal disease pathogenesis. However, their role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and coronary heart disease remains unclear. This study had the objective of assessing NLRP3 (rs4612666) and CARD8 (rs2043211) gene polymorphisms in dental plaque and blood of generalized chronic periodontitis (CP) patients in the presence and absence of coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: A total of 70 subjects were divided into two groups, including CP and CP + CHD subjects. Demographic variables, periodontal, and cardiac parameters were recorded from both groups. Subgingival plaque and blood samples were obtained from both groups and were subjected to further molecular analysis for NLRP3 (rs4612666) and CARD8 (rs2043211) expression and allele change using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene sequencing (Sanger\u2019s method). Results: Amongst the demographic variables, age, and monthly income were statistically significant between the two groups. Plaque index (PI), clinical attachment level (CAL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density-lipoprotein (LDL) exhibited statistically significant levels between the two groups. NLRP3 (rs4612666) and CARD8 (rs2043211) genes showed a statistically significant association of allele change (frequency) among the groups. In general, when all of the parameters were compared to the allele change of the genes, statistically significant relationships were found between the two groups. Conclusions: The present study expressed an allele change of the investigated genes which could profoundly affect the pathobiology of the two diseases under investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10070592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,27]],"date-time":"2021-06-27T22:24:57Z","timestamp":1624832697000},"page":"592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Genetic Polymorphisms of NLRP3 (rs4612666) and CARD8 (rs2043211) in Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jaideep","family":"Mahendra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600095, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abirami Nayaki","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600095, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Little","family":"Mahendra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maktoum Bin Hamdan Dental University College, Dubai 213620, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8208-4855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hytham N.","family":"Fageeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hammam Ibrahim","family":"Fageeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thodur Madapusi","family":"Balaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600127, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7051-1143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saranya","family":"Varadarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600130, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9061-6367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raghunathan","family":"Jagannathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600127, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deepak","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5613-2924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Venkata V.","family":"Suresh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1079-1024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. Thirumal","family":"Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600130, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7246-5497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shankargouda","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-101011-155745","article-title":"Inflammasomes and their roles in health and disease","volume":"28","author":"Lamkanfi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. 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Biochem."}],"container-title":["Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-7737\/10\/7\/592\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:25:21Z","timestamp":1760163921000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-7737\/10\/7\/592"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,27]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["biology10070592"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology10070592","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-7737"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-7737","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,27]]}}}