{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:32:16Z","timestamp":1790685136941,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":223,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010016","name":"Nottingham Trent University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Horizon 2020","award":["801604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["801604"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypoxia is a condition characterized by insufficient tissue oxygenation, which results in impaired oxidative energy production. A reduction in cellular oxygen levels induces the stabilization of hypoxia inducible factor \u03b1 (HIF-1\u03b1), master regulator of the molecular response to hypoxia, involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis and driving hypoxic adaptation through the control of gene expression. Due to its high energy requirement, the brain is particularly vulnerable to oxygen shortage. Thus, hypoxic injury can cause significant metabolic changes in neural cell populations, which are associated with neurodegeneration. Recent evidence suggests that regulating HIF-1\u03b1 may ameliorate the cellular damage in neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, the hypoxia\/HIF-1\u03b1 signaling pathway has been associated to several processes linked to Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) including gene mutations, risk factors and molecular pathways such as mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and protein degradation impairment. This review will explore the impact of hypoxia and HIF-1\u03b1 signaling on these specific molecular pathways that influence PD development and will evaluate different novel neuroprotective strategies involving HIF-1\u03b1 stabilization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10080723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T10:47:46Z","timestamp":1627555666000},"page":"723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Hypoxia Signaling in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: There Is Use in Asking \u201cWhat HIF?\u201d"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0040-2803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Lest\u00f3n Pinilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0199-0275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aslihan","family":"Ugun-Klusek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1970-7375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Rutella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi A.","family":"De Girolamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C629","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00265.2015","article-title":"Oxygen sensing by the carotid body: Mechanisms and role in adaptation to hypoxia","volume":"310","author":"Gao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. 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