{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:33:18Z","timestamp":1787027598360,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]],"date-time":"2021-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FIS PI14\/00715, FIS PI17\/01962, RD16\/0017\/0003, RD16\/0017\/0010, FI18\/00179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS PI14\/00715, FIS PI17\/01962, RD16\/0017\/0003, RD16\/0017\/0010, FI18\/00179"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The European Commission","award":["HOME\/2014\/JDRU\/AG\/DRUG\/7082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HOME\/2014\/JDRU\/AG\/DRUG\/7082"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003030","name":"Ag\u00e8ncia de Gesti\u00f3 d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017 SGR 316, 2017 SGR 530"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017 SGR 316, 2017 SGR 530"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Considered the \u03b2-keto analogue of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy), 3,4-Methylenedioxymethcathinone (methylone) is a synthetic cathinone. Over the years, methylone has been used as a substitute for conventional psychostimulants, such as MDMA. To date, little is known about the human pharmacology of methylone; the only available information has been provided by surveys or published intoxication reports. In the present observational\u2013naturalistic study, we evaluate the acute subjective and physiological effects of methylone after oral self-administration in comparison to MDMA in healthy poly-drug users. Fourteen participants (10 males, 4 females) selected their single oral doses of methylone from 100 to 300 mg (n = 8, mean dose 187.5 mg) or MDMA from 75 to 100 mg (n = 6, mean dose 87.5 mg) based on their experience. Study variables were assessed at 0, 1, 2, and 4 h (h) and included vital signs (non-invasive blood pressure, heart rate, cutaneous temperature) and subjective effects using visual analogue scales (VAS), the 49-item Addiction Research Centre Inventory (ARCI) short form, and the Evaluation of the Subjective Effects of Substances with Abuse Potential (VESSPA-SSE) questionnaire. Additionally, oral fluid concentrations of methylone and MDMA were determined. Acute pharmacological effects produced by methylone followed the prototypical psychostimulant and empathogenic profile associated with MDMA, although they were less intense. Methylone concentrations in oral fluid can be considered a useful biomarker to detect acute exposure in oral fluid. Oral fluid concentrations of MDMA and methylone peaked at 2 h and concentrations of MDMA were in the range of those previously described in controlled studies. Our results demonstrate that the potential abuse liability of methylone is similar to that of MDMA in recreational subjects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10080788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]],"date-time":"2021-08-17T21:27:40Z","timestamp":1629235660000},"page":"788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["A Comparison of Acute Pharmacological Effects of Methylone and MDMA Administration in Humans and Oral Fluid Concentrations as Biomarkers of Exposure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4641-8600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lourdes","family":"Poyatos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol and Institut de Recerca Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP-IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e9s, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Papaseit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol and Institut de Recerca Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP-IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e9s, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eulalia","family":"Olesti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6343-6918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"P\u00e9rez-Ma\u00f1\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol and Institut de Recerca Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP-IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e9s, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mireia","family":"Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy Control, Associaci\u00f3 Benestar i Desenvolupament, 08041 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xo\u00e1n","family":"Carb\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy Control, Associaci\u00f3 Benestar i Desenvolupament, 08041 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Grifell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy Control, Associaci\u00f3 Benestar i Desenvolupament, 08041 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e9s, Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Adiccions (INAD), Parc de Salut Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0779-6545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francina","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e9s, Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Adiccions (INAD), Parc de Salut Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6222-4761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Torrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e9s, Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Adiccions (INAD), Parc de Salut Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6765-1866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"de la Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8338-7543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mag\u00ed","family":"Farr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol and Institut de Recerca Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP-IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e9s, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2013.11.104","article-title":"Synthetic Cathinones and amphetamine analogues: What\u2019s the rave about?","volume":"46","author":"Banks","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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