{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T01:58:40Z","timestamp":1793411920967,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":159,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]],"date-time":"2021-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000833","name":"Rosetrees Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["M160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M160"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000833","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Retinal diseases are a leading cause of visual loss and blindness, affecting a significant proportion of the population worldwide and having a detrimental impact on quality of life, with consequent economic burden. The retina is highly metabolically active, and a number of retinal diseases are associated with metabolic dysfunction. To better understand the pathogenesis underlying such retinopathies, new technology has been developed to elucidate the mechanism behind retinal diseases. Metabolomics is a relatively new \u201comics\u201d technology, which has developed subsequent to genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. This new technology can provide qualitative and quantitative information about low-molecular-weight metabolites (M.W. &lt; 1500 Da) in a given biological system, which shed light on the physiological or pathological state of a cell or tissue sample at a particular time point. In this article we provide an extensive review of the application of metabolomics to retinal diseases, with focus on age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), glaucoma, and retinitis pigmentosa (RP).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10100944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]],"date-time":"2021-09-22T09:14:57Z","timestamp":1632302097000},"page":"944","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Metabolomics in Retinal Diseases: An Update"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Xing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6320-6423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shichang","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiming","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Reilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihong","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niall","family":"Strang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vision Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3760-3019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinhua","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China"},{"name":"Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK"},{"name":"Department of Vision Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e144","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30489-7","article-title":"Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: The Right to Sight: An analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"9","author":"Steinmetz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. 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