{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T03:56:04Z","timestamp":1790654164118,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A deficient epidermal barrier is a key feature of atopic dermatitis (AD) and comprises altered lipid and protein content and composition of the stratum corneum resulting in disturbed water balance. Clinically, eczematous lesions on dry skin and pruritus develop. Pruritic nodules occur in prurigo nodularis (PN), another chronic skin disease, which can be associated with atopy. We aimed at comparing the three clinical pictures, classic AD, atopic prurigo (AP), and non-atopic PN, to healthy controls regarding the epidermal barrier. We determined clinical parameters and performed biophysical measurements, histology\/immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and molecular biological analysis. We found distinctively elevated clinical scores, reduced hydration and increased transepidermal water loss, epidermal hyperplasia and inflammation reduced filaggrin and increased loricrin and involucrin expression, as well as reduced intercellular lipid lamellae in all three disease groups. These findings show a severe disruption in epidermal barrier structure and function in all three disorders so that epidermal barrier impairment is now proven not only for AD but also for PN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10101008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T09:24:04Z","timestamp":1633598644000},"page":"1008","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Comparison of Epidermal Barrier Integrity in Adults with Classic Atopic Dermatitis, Atopic Prurigo and Non-Atopic Prurigo Nodularis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Regina","family":"F\u00f6lster-Holst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahel","family":"Reimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Neumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erhardt","family":"Proksch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3692-3950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elke","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Weidinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8646-1179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamad","family":"Goldust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55101 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eckhard","family":"Hanisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neubourg Skin Care GmbH & Co. KG, 48268 Greven, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"D\u00e4hnhardt-Pfeiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microscopy Services D\u00e4hnhardt GmbH, 24220 Flintbek, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Freitag-Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"F\u00f6lster-Holst, R., and Schwarz, T. (2011). 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