{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:31:40Z","timestamp":1788877900261,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Visualized identification of important foreign invasion vectors and pathogens and their invasion risks","award":["2020YFC1200101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC1200101"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glossina morsitans is a vector for Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), which is mainly distributed in sub-Saharan Africa at present. Our objective was to project the historical and future potentially suitable areas globally and explore the influence of climatic factors. The maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) was utilized to evaluate the contribution rates of bio-climatic factors and to project suitable habitats for G. morsitans. We found that Isothermality and Precipitation of Wettest Quarter contributed most to the distribution of G. morsitans. The predicted potentially suitable areas for G. morsitans under historical climate conditions would be 14.5 million km2, including a large area of Africa which is near and below the equator, small equatorial regions of southern Asia, America, and Oceania. Under future climate conditions, the potentially suitable areas are expected to decline by about \u22125.38 \u00b1 1.00% overall, under all shared socioeconomic pathways, compared with 1970\u20132000. The potentially suitable habitats of G. morsitans may not be limited to Africa. Necessary surveillance and preventive measures should be taken in high-risk regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10111150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T22:08:41Z","timestamp":1636409321000},"page":"1150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Projecting the Potential Distribution of Glossina morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae) under Climate Change Using the MaxEnt Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ruobing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4651-175X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tai","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4066-7988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiyong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(99)00096-0","article-title":"Feeding patterns of three sympatric tsetse species (Glossina spp.) (Diptera: Glossinidae) in the preforest zone of Cte d\u2019Ivoire","volume":"75","author":"Spath","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2915.1998.00097.x","article-title":"Host preferences of tsetse (Diptera: Glossinidae) based on bloodmeal identifications","volume":"12","author":"Clausen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. 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