{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:32:29Z","timestamp":1760236349295,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"GC, Israel Branch","award":["0000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0000"]}]},{"name":"The Ernest and Tova Turnheim Clinical Research Fund in Dentistry, Tel Aviv University","award":["0000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0000"]}]},{"name":"Lefco Fund for Dental Research, Tel Aviv University","award":["0000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0000"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Irradiation of facial bones is associated with a lifelong risk of osteonecrosis. In a rat model, maxillae were exposed to a single 5 Gy dose of external beam radiation and orthodontic force was applied for 2 weeks on the first maxillary molar; control rats were treated identically without radiation. Tooth movement in irradiated jaws was 30% less than in controls, representing radiation-related damage. Micro-CT, histological, and molecular outcomes of orthodontic tooth movement were studied. Microstructurally, bone parameters (trabecular thickness, bone volume fraction, bone mineral density) were significantly affected by orthodontic force but not by radiation. Histological parameters were influenced only by orthodontic force, especially by an increase in osteoclasts. A molecular study revealed a differential distribution of cells expressing pre-osteoclast markers (RANK+\u2014majority, CD11b+, CD14+\u2014minority), with changes being influenced by orthodontic force (increased CD11b+ and CD14+ cells) and also by radiation (decreased RANK+ cells). The activation status of osteoclasts (TRAP staining) showed an orthodontic-force-related increase, which probably could not fully compensate for the radiation-associated impairment. The overall balance showed that orthodontic force had elicited a substantial microstructural, histological, and functional normalization process in irradiated maxillae but a radiation-induced impact was still conspicuous. Additional studies are needed to validate these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10111203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T08:53:56Z","timestamp":1637225636000},"page":"1203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Balance between Orthodontic Force and Radiation in the Jawbone: Microstructural, Histological, and Molecular Study in a Rat Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1572-4960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hadas","family":"Dorchin-Ashkenazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3044-1953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ravit","family":"Ginat-Koton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7494-0631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yankel","family":"Gabet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9425-3786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yehuda","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 91120, Israel"},{"name":"The Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"Chaushu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 91120, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hezi","family":"Dorchin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, Haifa 3461717, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamar","family":"Brosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marilena","family":"Vered","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Imaging, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel"},{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.23869","article-title":"Improved overall survival and mortality in head and neck cancer with adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy in national databases","volume":"38","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"unstructured":"Eurocare Working Group (2015). 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