{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:21:47Z","timestamp":1772252507194,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]],"date-time":"2021-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"program of the France-Russia Associated International Laboratory","award":["LIA COSIE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LIA COSIE"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004796","name":"French Polar Institute Paul Emile Victor","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["COSIE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COSIE"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004796","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: The way tobacco and tea spread among virgin populations is of major interest our understanding of how ancient economic and cultural practices could have influenced current habits. (2) Methods: hair concentrations of theobromine, theophylline, caffeine, nicotine, and cotinine were measured in hair samples from 47 frozen bodies of people from eastern Siberia, dated from the contact with Europeans to the assimilation of people into Russian society. (3) Results: hair concentration of theobromine, theophylline, and caffeine vary with the type of beverage consumed: green, black, or local herbal teas. Shortly after the first contacts, a few heavy consumers of tobacco were found among light or passive consumers. Tobacco-related co-morbidities began to be recorded one century after and heavy tea users were only found from the 19th century (4) Conclusions: Economic factors and social and family contacts seem to have played a decisive role in tobacco consumption very early on. Behavioral evolution governed the process of substance integration into Siberian culture and was a determinant for the continuity of its use across long periods of time. Analyzing the respective contributions of social and economic processes in the use of these substances opens avenues of investigation for today\u2019s public health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10121271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,5]],"date-time":"2021-12-05T20:59:33Z","timestamp":1638737973000},"page":"1271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["At the Origins of Tobacco-Smoking and Tea Consumption in a Virgin Population (Yakutia, 1650\u20131900 A.D.): Comparison of Pharmacological, Histological, Economic and Cultural Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7752-2999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Mac\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Laboratory \u201cCoevolution between Human and Environment in Eastern Siberia\u201d, 37 All\u00e9es Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"Richeval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00f4le Biologie Pathologie G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, Unit\u00e9 Fonctionnelle de Toxicologie, CHU Lille, CHU, Bd Pr. 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Leclerc-CS 70001, 59037 Lille, France"},{"name":"ULR 4483-IMPECS-IMPact de l\u2019Environnement Chimique sur la Sant\u00e9, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine-P\u00f4le Recherche, Universit\u00e9 de Lille, 1 Place de Verdun, F-59045 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ameline","family":"Alcouffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 5288, Centre for Anthropobiology and Genomics of Toulouse, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Toulouse III, 37 All\u00e9es Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liubomira","family":"Romanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 5288, Centre for Anthropobiology and Genomics of Toulouse, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Toulouse III, 37 All\u00e9es Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"Institute of Foreign Languages and Regional Studies, North-Eastern Federal University, 56 Belinskogo Street, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"G\u00e9rard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Laboratory \u201cCoevolution between Human and Environment in Eastern Siberia\u201d, 37 All\u00e9es Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"UMR 5288, Centre for Anthropobiology and Genomics of Toulouse, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Toulouse III, 37 All\u00e9es Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0138-8409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvie","family":"Duchesne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Laboratory \u201cCoevolution between Human and Environment in Eastern Siberia\u201d, 37 All\u00e9es Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"UMR 5288, Centre for Anthropobiology and Genomics of Toulouse, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Toulouse III, 37 All\u00e9es Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Cannet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Forensic Medicine, 11 Rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6212-0129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina","family":"Boyarskikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Siberian Botanical Garden SO RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annie","family":"G\u00e9raut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Forensic Medicine, 11 Rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Zv\u00e9nigorosky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 2029, CNRS, University of Paris Descartes, 2 Place Mazas, 75012 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darya","family":"Nikolaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Laboratory \u201cCoevolution between Human and Environment in Eastern Siberia\u201d, 37 All\u00e9es Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Stepanoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Anthropologie Sociale, 52 Rue du Cardinal Lemoine, 75005 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Delphine","family":"Allorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00f4le Biologie Pathologie G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, Unit\u00e9 Fonctionnelle de Toxicologie, CHU Lille, CHU, Bd Pr. 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Leclerc-CS 70001, 59037 Lille, France"},{"name":"ULR 4483-IMPECS-IMPact de l\u2019Environnement Chimique sur la Sant\u00e9, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine-P\u00f4le Recherche, Universit\u00e9 de Lille, 1 Place de Verdun, F-59045 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0147-5986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Debrenne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Romano-Germanic Philology, Institute of Humanities Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogov Roas, 630090 Novossibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Telmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 5288, Centre for Anthropobiology and Genomics of Toulouse, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Toulouse III, 37 All\u00e9es Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bertrand","family":"Ludes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Laboratory \u201cCoevolution between Human and Environment in Eastern Siberia\u201d, 37 All\u00e9es Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"UMR 2029, CNRS, University of Paris Descartes, 2 Place Mazas, 75012 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anatoly","family":"Alexeev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Laboratory \u201cCoevolution between Human and Environment in Eastern Siberia\u201d, 37 All\u00e9es Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"Institute for Humanities Research and Indigenous Studies of the North (IHRISN), Petrovskogo Street 1, 677007 Yakutsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1111-4671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Michel","family":"Gaulier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00f4le Biologie Pathologie G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, Unit\u00e9 Fonctionnelle de Toxicologie, CHU Lille, CHU, Bd Pr. 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