{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:23:20Z","timestamp":1792650200078,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":225,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation induces DNA lesions in all directly exposed tissues. In the human body, two tissues are chronically exposed to UV: the skin and the cornea. The most frequent UV-induced DNA lesions are cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) that can lead to apoptosis or induce tumorigenesis. Lacking the protective pigmentation of the skin, the transparent cornea is particularly dependent on nucleotide excision repair (NER) to remove UV-induced DNA lesions. The DNA damage response also triggers intracellular autophagy mechanisms to remove damaged material in the cornea; these mechanisms are poorly understood despite their noted involvement in UV-related diseases. Therapeutic solutions involving xenogenic DNA-repair enzymes such as T4 endonuclease V or photolyases exist and are widely distributed for dermatological use. The corneal field lacks a similar set of tools to address DNA-lesions in photovulnerable patients, such as those with genetic disorders or recently transplanted tissue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11020278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]],"date-time":"2022-02-11T02:37:46Z","timestamp":1644547066000},"page":"278","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["UV Protection in the Cornea: Failure and Rescue"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3519-1359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Volatier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Schumacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses, Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1958-411X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claus","family":"Cursiefen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Notara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses, Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.12.037","article-title":"Anatomy and physiology of the cornea","volume":"37","author":"DelMonte","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract. Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1957.sp005758","article-title":"The structure and transparency of the cornea","volume":"136","author":"Maurice","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00347081","article-title":"On the fine structure of the human cornea with special reference to the problem of transparency","volume":"73","author":"Schwarz","year":"1966","journal-title":"Z. Zellforsch Mikrosk. Anat."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10030","article-title":"Comparative observations on corneas, with special reference to Bowman\u2019s layer and Descemet\u2019s membrane in mammals and amphibians","volume":"254","author":"Hayashi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Morphol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.09.021","article-title":"The shape of the anterior and posterior surface of the aging human cornea","volume":"46","author":"Dubbelman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vision Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1129","article-title":"Expression and regulation of cornified envelope proteins in human corneal epithelium","volume":"47","author":"Tong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(01)00008-8","article-title":"The corneal wound healing response: Cytokine-mediated interaction of the epithelium, stroma, and inflammatory cells","volume":"20","author":"Wilson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-014-2032-4","article-title":"Roles of limbal microvascular net and limbal stroma in regulating maintenance of limbal epithelial stem cells","volume":"359","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S1367-0484(02)00054-1","article-title":"The limbal vasculature","volume":"26","author":"Papas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cont. Lens. Anterior Eye"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1994.42","article-title":"Stem cells and corneal epithelial regeneration","volume":"8","author":"Kruse","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1994.41","article-title":"Perpetuation of stem cells in the eye","volume":"8","author":"Zieske","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.4252\/wjsc.v6.i4.391","article-title":"Limbal stem cells: Central concepts of corneal epithelial homeostasis","volume":"6","author":"Yoon","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"920","article-title":"UV light-blocking contact lenses prevent UVB-induced DNA and oxidative damage of the limbal stem cell niche, protect against inflammation and maintain putative stem cell phenotype","volume":"60","author":"Notara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"5622","article-title":"Effects of UVB irradiation on limbal stem cell niche and its role in cornea lymphangiogenesis","volume":"56","author":"Notara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18343","article-title":"Short-Term Ultraviolet A Irradiation Leads to Dysfunction of the Limbal Niche Cells and an Antilymphangiogenic and Anti-inflammatory Micromilieu","volume":"57","author":"Notara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"4343","article-title":"Avastin effects on human limbal epithelial cell function and phenotype in vitro","volume":"57","author":"Notara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12331","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-48811-z","article-title":"Application of corneal injury models in dual fluorescent reporter transgenic mice to understand the roles of the cornea and limbus in angiogenic and lymphangiogenic privilege","volume":"9","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"264","article-title":"Corneal angiogenic privilege: Angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors in corneal avascularity, vasculogenesis, and wound healing (an American Ophthalmological Society thesis)","volume":"104","author":"Azar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trans. Am. Ophthalmol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108068","article-title":"12 Endothelial pump and barrier function","volume":"198","author":"Klyce","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2015.07.002","article-title":"Progress in corneal wound healing","volume":"49","author":"Ljubimov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12686","article-title":"Damaging Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Cornea","volume":"93","author":"Delic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.09.038","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation and the skin: Photobiology and sunscreen photoprotection","volume":"76","author":"Young","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13402","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation and skin mast cells: Effects, mechanisms and relevance for skin diseases","volume":"27","author":"Siiskonen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-56017-5_7","article-title":"Ultraviolet Radiations: Skin Defense-Damage Mechanism","volume":"996","author":"Mohania","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-56017-5_8","article-title":"Ultraviolet Photobiology in Dermatology","volume":"996","author":"Christensen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000498","article-title":"Apoptosis in Rat Cornea After In Vivo Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation at 300 nm","volume":"34","author":"Kronschlager","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MIN.0000350909.60739.9e","article-title":"A focus on ultraviolet keratitis","volume":"4","author":"Miller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nursing"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"MT23","article-title":"Assessment of the corneal endothelium in acute ultraviolet keratitis","volume":"12","author":"Najjar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2015.0109","article-title":"Ultraviolet Keratitis: From the Pathophysiological Basis to Prevention and Clinical Management","volume":"16","author":"Willmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"High Alt. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"513","article-title":"Squamous carcinoma of the conjunctiva","volume":"52","author":"Coroi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rom. J. Morphol. Embryol."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"119","article-title":"Malignant tumor of the cornea and exroderma pigmentosum","volume":"24","author":"Olah","year":"1968","journal-title":"Ceskoslovenska Oftalmol."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"186","article-title":"Incidence of tumors and tumor-like lesions in the conjunctiva and the cornea","volume":"99","author":"Toshida","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)91685-2","article-title":"Effect of ambient solar ultraviolet radiation on incidence of squamous-cell carcinoma of the eye","volume":"347","author":"Newton","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hatsusaka, N., Yamamoto, N., Miyashita, H., Shibuya, E., Mita, N., Yamazaki, M., Shibata, T., Ishida, H., Ukai, Y., and Kubo, E. (2021). Association among pterygium, cataracts, and cumulative ocular ultraviolet exposure: A cross-sectional study in Han people in China and Taiwan. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253093"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"45","article-title":"Ultraviolet light and pterygium","volume":"31","author":"Sekelj","year":"2007","journal-title":"Coll. Antropol."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"705","article-title":"Peripheral light focusing by the anterior eye and the ophthalmohelioses","volume":"22","author":"Coroneo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ophthalmic. Surg."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.3109\/02713689408999878","article-title":"Immunohistochemical evidence that human pterygia originate from an invasion of vimentin-expressing altered limbal epithelial basal cells","volume":"13","author":"Dushku","year":"1994","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12492440","article-title":"UVA erythema in skin: Is it a sunburn?","volume":"68","author":"Willis","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.09.002","article-title":"UV-B-Induced Erythema in Human Skin: The Circadian Clock Is Ticking","volume":"138","author":"Sarkar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12691","article-title":"Autophagy in UV Damage Response","volume":"93","author":"Sample","year":"2017","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2020.101036","article-title":"Biomarkers, oxidative stress and autophagy in skin aging","volume":"59","author":"Gu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1039\/c7pp00395a","article-title":"Formation of UV-induced DNA damage contributing to skin cancer development","volume":"17","author":"Cadet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s42764-020-00009-8","article-title":"Mechanisms of UV-induced mutations and skin cancer","volume":"1","author":"Pfeifer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genome Instab. Dis."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1089\/152308604773934314","article-title":"Role of reactive oxygen species in skin carcinogenesis","volume":"6","author":"Nishigori","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.02.049","article-title":"Clinicopathologic correlation of ocular surface squamous neoplasms at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute: 2001 to 2010","volume":"119","author":"Kao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1076\/orbi.21.3.209.7173","article-title":"Ocular surface squamous neoplasia: Report of an unusual case and review of the literature","volume":"21","author":"Whittaker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200310000-00015","article-title":"Ocular surface squamous neoplasia: A review","volume":"22","author":"Basti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860479","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/860479","article-title":"The role of antioxidants in skin cancer prevention and treatment","volume":"2014","author":"Godic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.56.6.769","article-title":"The role of IL-4, IL-10, and TNF-alpha in the immune suppression induced by ultraviolet radiation","volume":"56","author":"Rivas","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1039\/c7pp00312a","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation-induced immunosuppression and its relevance for skin carcinogenesis","volume":"17","author":"Hart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4277","DOI":"10.3390\/s110404277","article-title":"Biological sensors for solar ultraviolet radiation","volume":"11","author":"Yagura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2494.2004.00241.x","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation and skin aging: Roles of reactive oxygen species, inflammation and protease activation, and strategies for prevention of inflammation-induced matrix degradation\u2014A review","volume":"27","author":"Pillai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2010.03.003","article-title":"Role of antioxidants in the skin: Anti-aging effects","volume":"58","author":"Masaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689717725755","article-title":"Fighting against Skin Aging: The Way from Bench to Bedside","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"3539","article-title":"Influence of exposure time for UV radiation-induced cataract","volume":"41","author":"Ayala","year":"2000","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0b013e31821cbcc9","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation as a risk factor for cataract and macular degeneration","volume":"37","author":"Roberts","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.4103\/jovr.jovr_114_17","article-title":"Invisible shield: Review of the corneal epithelium as a barrier to UV radiation, pathogens, and other environmental stimuli","volume":"12","author":"Bashir","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmic Vis. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2015.08.019","article-title":"Autophagy in the lens","volume":"144","author":"Morishita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2020.109768","article-title":"Activation of autophagy inhibits epithelial to mesenchymal transition process of human lens epithelial cells induced by high glucose conditions","volume":"75","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Signal."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2013.08.017","article-title":"Autophagy and mitophagy participate in ocular lens organelle degradation","volume":"116","author":"Costello","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.06.030","article-title":"Patterns of Vitamin D Levels and Exposures in Active and Inactive Noninfectious Uveitis Patients","volume":"127","author":"Chiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"219","article-title":"UVB promotes the initiation of uveitic inflammatory injury in vivo and is attenuated by UV-blocking protection","volume":"23","author":"Shao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2016.1207857","article-title":"Impaired autophagy in macrophages promotes inflammatory eye disease","volume":"12","author":"Santeford","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40557-015-0087-7","article-title":"Case series of keratitis in poultry abattoir workers induced by exposure to the ultraviolet disinfection lamp","volume":"28","author":"Kwon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4217","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14310","article-title":"The role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of exposure keratitis","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1989.31","article-title":"Pathogenesis of pterygium","volume":"3","author":"Hill","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-310288","article-title":"Comparison among adjuvant treatments for primary pterygium: A network meta-analysis","volume":"102","author":"Fonseca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2007.01630.x","article-title":"Pterygium in Tibetans: A population-based study in China","volume":"35","author":"Lu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/09286586.2020.1797120","article-title":"Has the Sun Protection Campaign in Australia Reduced the Need for Pterygium Surgery Nationally?","volume":"28","author":"Stevenson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmic. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12916","article-title":"Accuracy of diagnosis of pterygium by optometrists and general practitioners in Australia","volume":"103","author":"Hirst","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Optom."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-316359","article-title":"Fifteen-year incidence rate and risk factors of pterygium in the Southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh","volume":"105","author":"Khanna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79920-9","article-title":"Ethnic differences in the incidence of pterygium in a multi-ethnic Asian population: The Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study","volume":"11","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rim, T.H., Kang, M.J., Choi, M., Seo, K.Y., and Kim, S.S. (2017). The incidence and prevalence of pterygium in South Korea: A 10-year population-based Korean cohort study. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171954"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e003787","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003787","article-title":"Geographical prevalence and risk factors for pterygium: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, P.G., Chang, X.L., Wang, M.L., and An, L. (2017). Variations of pterygium prevalence by age, gender and geographic characteristics in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174587"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0380","article-title":"Prevention of the adverse photic effects of peripheral light-focusing using UV-blocking contact lenses","volume":"44","author":"Kwok","year":"2003","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1993.tb02273.x","article-title":"Distribution and repair of photolesions in DNA: Genetic consequences and the role of sequence context","volume":"57","author":"Sage","year":"1993","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1562\/2004-12-01-RA-390","article-title":"Pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproduct mapping after sublethal UVC doses: Nucleotide resolution using terminal transferase-dependent PCR","volume":"82","author":"Rochette","year":"2006","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14831","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1110927108","article-title":"Dynamics and mechanism of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer repair by DNA photolyase","volume":"108","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32950","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M404536200","article-title":"Investigation of the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) photolyase DNA recognition mechanism by NMR analyses","volume":"279","author":"Torizawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(94)90037-X","article-title":"Induction of tandem-base change mutations","volume":"309","author":"Hutchinson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4173","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.6b00361","article-title":"Functional Conversion of CPD and (6-4) Photolyases by Mutation","volume":"55","author":"Yamada","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1101598","article-title":"Crystal structure of a photolyase bound to a CPD-like DNA lesion after in situ repair","volume":"306","author":"Mees","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_84","first-page":"1927","article-title":"Cell cycle-dependent strand bias for UV-induced mutations in the transcribed strand of excision repair-proficient human fibroblasts but not in repair-deficient cells","volume":"11","author":"McGregor","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3536","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz035","article-title":"Fluorescently-labelled CPD and 6-4PP photolyases: New tools for live-cell DNA damage quantification and laser-assisted repair","volume":"47","author":"Steurer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1989.tb05578.x","article-title":"The biology of the (6-4) photoproduct","volume":"49","author":"Mitchell","year":"1989","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boros, G., Miko, E., Muramatsu, H., Weissman, D., Emri, E., van der Horst, G.T., Szegedi, A., Horkay, I., Emri, G., and Kariko, K. (2015). Identification of Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer-Responsive Genes Using UVB-Irradiated Human Keratinocytes Transfected with In Vitro-Synthesized Photolyase mRNA. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131141"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3625-0_14","article-title":"Transfection of Human Keratinocytes with Nucleoside-Modified mRNA Encoding CPD-Photolyase to Repair DNA Damage","volume":"1428","author":"Boros","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00032-3","article-title":"Characterization of a human homolog of (6-4) photolyase","volume":"384","author":"Todo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1007\/s00792-020-01202-z","article-title":"A (6-4)-photolyase from the Antarctic bacterium Sphingomonas sp. UV9: Recombinant production and in silico features","volume":"24","author":"Marizcurrena","year":"2020","journal-title":"Extremophiles"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7037","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-020-10734-5","article-title":"A natural occurring bifunctional CPD\/(6-4)-photolyase from the Antarctic bacterium Sphingomonas sp. UV9","volume":"104","author":"Marizcurrena","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4389","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.10.4389","article-title":"Evidence for lack of DNA photoreactivating enzyme in humans","volume":"90","author":"Li","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1996.0539","article-title":"Cloning, tissue expression, and mapping of a human photolyase homolog with similarity to plant blue-light receptors","volume":"37","author":"Kobayashi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.02.066","article-title":"Major Roles for Pyrimidine Dimers, Nucleotide Excision Repair, and ATR in the Alternative Splicing Response to UV Irradiation","volume":"18","author":"Munoz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2006.06.008","article-title":"Nucleotide excision repair phenotype of human acute myeloid leukemia cell lines at various stages of differentiation","volume":"614","author":"Hsu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mutat. Res.-Fund. Mol. Mech. Mutagenesis"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3822","article-title":"Understanding nucleotide excision repair and its roles in cancer and ageing","volume":"15","author":"Marteijn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114509992066","article-title":"Modulation of nucleotide excision repair in human lymphocytes by genetic and dietary factors","volume":"103","author":"Langie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/21.3.453","article-title":"Nucleotide excision repair and human syndromes","volume":"21","author":"Hoeijmakers","year":"2000","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0250309","article-title":"Mammalian nucleotide excision repair and syndromes","volume":"25","author":"Vermeulen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-59565-2.00032-0","article-title":"Disorders of nucleotide excision repair","volume":"113","author":"Rapin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-019-00225-w","article-title":"Management Issues in Conjunctival Tumours: Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia","volume":"9","author":"Cohen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-314650","article-title":"Epidemiology of invasive ocular surface squamous neoplasia in Canada during 1992\u20132010","volume":"104","author":"Darwich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1159\/000509578","article-title":"Role of Conjunctival Ultraviolet Autofluorescence in Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia","volume":"6","author":"Yadav","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocul. Oncol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198906013202202","article-title":"DNA of human papillomavirus type 16 in dysplastic and malignant lesions of the conjunctiva and cornea","volume":"320","author":"McDonnell","year":"1989","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vempuluru, V.S., Pattnaik, M., Ghose, N., and Kaliki, S. (2021). Bilateral ocular surface squamous neoplasia: A study of 25 patients and review of literature. Eur. J. Ophthalmol., 11206721211007109.","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721211007109"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.85.9.1080","article-title":"Quantification of the ultraviolet radiation (UVR) field in the human eye in vivo using novel instrumentation and the potential benefits of UVR blocking hydrogel contact lens","volume":"85","author":"Walsh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_107","first-page":"567","article-title":"Molecular Basis of Pterygium Development","volume":"31","author":"Zavala","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mallet, J.D., Dorr, M.M., Drigeard Desgarnier, M.C., Bastien, N., Gendron, S.P., and Rochette, P.J. (2016). Faster DNA Repair of Ultraviolet-Induced Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers and Lower Sensitivity to Apoptosis in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells than in Epidermal Keratinocytes. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0162212"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2013.07.013","article-title":"Contact lens interactions with the tear film","volume":"117","author":"Mann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1159\/000321531","article-title":"Changes of tear film function after pterygium operation","volume":"45","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmic. Res."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12541516","article-title":"Counting and sizing of epidermal cells in normal human skin","volume":"70","author":"Bergstresser","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70029-0","article-title":"Accessory cell populations in the cornea","volume":"4","author":"Shimmura","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1038\/2091334a0","article-title":"Vertebrate epidermal melanin unit","volume":"209","author":"Hadley","year":"1966","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2005.01.023","article-title":"Melanocytes in the corneal limbus interact with K19-positive basal epithelial cells","volume":"81","author":"Higa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1256022","article-title":"Photochemistry. Chemiexcitation of melanin derivatives induces DNA photoproducts long after UV exposure","volume":"347","author":"Premi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.9.5.1037","article-title":"Nuclear ferritin protects DNA from UV damage in corneal epithelial cells","volume":"9","author":"Cai","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_117","first-page":"337","article-title":"Analysis of chemically induced mutation in single cell populations","volume":"23","author":"Thilly","year":"1983","journal-title":"Basic Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135206","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/135206","article-title":"Free radicals and extrinsic skin aging","volume":"2012","author":"Poljsak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dermatol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-56017-5_2","article-title":"Ultraviolet Light Induced Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species","volume":"996","author":"Cockrell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2010.12.002","article-title":"Free radicals and antioxidants\u2014Quo vadis?","volume":"32","author":"Halliwell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072625","article-title":"An introduction to free radical biochemistry","volume":"49","author":"Cheeseman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br. Med. Bull."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956792","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/956792","article-title":"Achieving the balance between ROS and antioxidants: When to use the synthetic antioxidants","volume":"2013","author":"Poljsak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-387665-2.00006-7","article-title":"Oxidized base damage and single-strand break repair in mammalian genomes: Role of disordered regions and posttranslational modifications in early enzymes","volume":"110","author":"Hegde","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12543","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms150712543","article-title":"Cellular levels of 8-oxoguanine in either DNA or the nucleotide pool play pivotal roles in carcinogenesis and survival of cancer cells","volume":"15","author":"Nakabeppu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100229","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA120.014455","article-title":"Molecular dynamics approach to identification of new OGG1 cancer-associated somatic variants with impaired activity","volume":"296","author":"Popov","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28812","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.126664","article-title":"Specific Inhibition of NEIL-initiated repair of oxidized base damage in human genome by copper and iron: Potential etiological linkage to neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"285","author":"Hegde","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5529","article-title":"Repair of oxidative DNA damage and cancer: Recent progress in DNA base excision repair","volume":"20","author":"Scott","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1179\/135100001101535996","article-title":"Garbage catastrophe theory of aging: Imperfect removal of oxidative damage?","volume":"6","author":"Terman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Redox Rep."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8620172","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8620172","article-title":"The Role of Limbal Epithelial Stem Cells in Regulating Corneal (Lymph)angiogenic Privilege and the Micromilieu of the Limbal Niche following UV Exposure","volume":"2018","author":"Notara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21412","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.026013","article-title":"A non-canonical MEK\/ERK signaling pathway regulates autophagy via regulating Beclin 1","volume":"284","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4153","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0913860107","article-title":"ATM signals to TSC2 in the cytoplasm to regulate mTORC1 in response to ROS","volume":"107","author":"Alexander","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8204","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502857102","article-title":"The coordinate regulation of the p53 and mTOR pathways in cells","volume":"102","author":"Feng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2450","article-title":"ATR: An essential regulator of genome integrity","volume":"9","author":"Cimprich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-380888-2.00003-0","article-title":"The ATM-Chk2 and ATR-Chk1 pathways in DNA damage signaling and cancer","volume":"108","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4139","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06556-9","article-title":"ATR\/Chk1 signaling induces autophagy through sumoylated RhoB-mediated lysosomal translocation of TSC2 after DNA damage","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_136","first-page":"1689","article-title":"UV irradiation stimulates levels of p53 cellular tumor antigen in nontransformed mouse cells","volume":"4","author":"Maltzman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.6486","article-title":"A dual role of p53 in the control of autophagy","volume":"4","author":"Tasdemir","year":"2008","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI33700","article-title":"Targeting lysosomal degradation induces p53-dependent cell death and prevents cancer in mouse models of lymphomagenesis","volume":"118","author":"Maclean","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-1517","article-title":"DNA mismatch repair initiates 6-thioguanine--induced autophagy through p53 activation in human tumor cells","volume":"13","author":"Zeng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28833","article-title":"Autophagy inhibition enhances therapy-induced apoptosis in a Myc-induced model of lymphoma","volume":"117","author":"Amaravadi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1730","article-title":"Regulation of autophagy by cytoplasmic p53","volume":"10","author":"Tasdemir","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2013.1247","article-title":"p53 protein subcellular localization and apoptosis in rodent corneal epithelium cell culture following ultraviolet irradiation","volume":"31","author":"Tendler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb0608-637","article-title":"p53: The Janus of autophagy?","volume":"10","author":"Levine","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.5.1.7294","article-title":"mTOR regulates autophagy-associated genes downstream of p73","volume":"5","author":"Rosenbluth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1426","article-title":"Autophagic and tumour suppressor activity of a novel Beclin1-binding protein UVRAG","volume":"8","author":"Liang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e07-12-1257","article-title":"The Atg16L complex specifies the site of LC3 lipidation for membrane biogenesis in autophagy","volume":"19","author":"Fujita","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2011.143","article-title":"Autophagy counteracts apoptosis in human multiple myeloma cells exposed to oridonin in vitro via regulating intracellular ROS and SIRT1","volume":"33","author":"Zeng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.00949","article-title":"Sirtuin Family Members Selectively Regulate Autophagy in Osteosarcoma and Mesothelioma Cells in Response to Cellular Stress","volume":"9","author":"Garva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100445","article-title":"The journey of resveratrol from yeast to human","volume":"4","author":"Timmers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-9880.1000216","article-title":"The Sirtuin System: The Holy Grail of Resveratrol?","volume":"3","author":"Mohar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Cardiolog."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201008167","article-title":"Spermidine and resveratrol induce autophagy by distinct pathways converging on the acetylproteome","volume":"192","author":"Morselli","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2008.06.022","article-title":"As(III) inhibits ultraviolet radiation-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer repair via generation of nitric oxide in human keratinocytes","volume":"45","author":"Ding","year":"2008","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2012.73","article-title":"Vam3, a derivative of resveratrol, attenuates cigarette smoke-induced autophagy","volume":"33","author":"Shi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08455","article-title":"Discovery of Atg5\/Atg7-independent alternative macroautophagy","volume":"461","author":"Nishida","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3632","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2008.00453.x","article-title":"SIRT1 confers protection against UVB- and H2O2-induced cell death via modulation of p53 and JNK in cultured skin keratinocytes","volume":"13","author":"Cao","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2013.583","article-title":"Dual role of SIRT1 in UVB-induced skin tumorigenesis","volume":"34","author":"Ming","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_157","first-page":"2423","article-title":"Resveratrol nanoparticles are neuroprotective in a rat model of glaucoma","volume":"62","author":"Shamsher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abu-Amero, K.K., Kondkar, A.A., and Chalam, K.V. (2016). Resveratrol and Ophthalmic Diseases. Nutrients, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8040200"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-15708","article-title":"The Effect of Resveratrol on Protecting Corneal Epithelial Cells from Cytotoxicity Caused by Moxifloxacin and Benzalkonium Chloride","volume":"56","author":"Tsai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2019.04.023","article-title":"Corneal autophagy and ocular surface inflammation: A new perspective in dry eye","volume":"184","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Acker, S.I., van den Bogerd, B., Haagdorens, M., Siozopoulou, V., Dhubhghaill, S.N., Pintelon, I., and Koppen, C. (2021). Pterygium-The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10071567"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.01.008","article-title":"Autophagy in corneal health and disease: A concise review","volume":"17","author":"Martin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1987.tb07401.x","article-title":"Sunburn cell: Factors involved in its formation","volume":"45","author":"Danno","year":"1987","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0781.2000.160501.x","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of UV-induced apoptosis","volume":"16","author":"Kulms","year":"2000","journal-title":"Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed."},{"key":"ref_165","first-page":"413","article-title":"Apoptosis and the skin","volume":"9","author":"Teraki","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21026","article-title":"ATP-sensitive potassium channel: A novel target for protection against UV-induced human skin cell damage","volume":"212","author":"Cao","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28220","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M302297200","article-title":"Coenzyme q10 prevents apoptosis by inhibiting mitochondrial depolarization independently of its free radical scavenging property","volume":"278","author":"Papucci","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80252-X","article-title":"Xeroderma pigmentosum p48 gene enhances global genomic repair and suppresses UV-induced mutagenesis","volume":"5","author":"Tang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30567","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.48.30567","article-title":"Intracellular K+ suppresses the activation of apoptosis in lymphocytes","volume":"272","author":"Hughes","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2009.02.023","article-title":"Elevated extracellular K+ inhibits apoptosis of corneal epithelial cells exposed to UV-B radiation","volume":"89","author":"Singleton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2016.07.014","article-title":"The effect of K(+) on caspase activity of corneal epithelial cells exposed to UVB","volume":"151","author":"Leerar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2663","article-title":"Disorders of nucleotide excision repair: The genetic and molecular basis of heterogeneity","volume":"10","author":"Cleaver","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1038\/21447","article-title":"The XPV (xeroderma pigmentosum variant) gene encodes human DNA polymerase eta","volume":"399","author":"Masutani","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3491","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.12.3491","article-title":"Xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XP-V) correcting protein from HeLa cells has a thymine dimer bypass DNA polymerase activity","volume":"18","author":"Masutani","year":"1999","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2008.01.005","article-title":"Clinical implications of the basic defects in Cockayne syndrome and xeroderma pigmentosum and the DNA lesions responsible for cancer, neurodegeneration and aging","volume":"129","author":"Cleaver","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3109\/13816810.2016.1171881","article-title":"Ocular findings in a patient with Cockayne syndrome with two mutations in the ERCC6 gene","volume":"38","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmic. Genet."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)74486-1","article-title":"Ocular findings in Cockayne syndrome","volume":"114","author":"Traboulsi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1996.9","article-title":"Ophthalmic management of Cockayne\u2019s syndrome","volume":"10","author":"McElvanney","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320420115","article-title":"Cockayne syndrome: Review of 140 cases","volume":"42","author":"Nance","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01037-06","article-title":"Retinal degeneration and ionizing radiation hypersensitivity in a mouse model for Cockayne syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Gorgels","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.12.044","article-title":"Ocular manifestations of xeroderma pigmentosum: Long-term follow-up highlights the role of DNA repair in protection from sun damage","volume":"120","author":"Brooks","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.2.424","article-title":"Expression of the p48 xeroderma pigmentosum gene is p53-dependent and is involved in global genomic repair","volume":"96","author":"Hwang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4391","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.18.7.4391","article-title":"p48 Activates a UV-damaged-DNA binding factor and is defective in xeroderma pigmentosum group E cells that lack binding activity","volume":"18","author":"Hwang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.76.2.120","article-title":"Premalignant melanosis of the conjunctiva and the cornea in xeroderma pigmentosum","volume":"76","author":"Paridaens","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.1.328","article-title":"An Arabidopsis photolyase mutant is hypersensitive to ultraviolet-B radiation","volume":"94","author":"Landry","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_186","first-page":"S131","article-title":"Evolution of Proteins of the DNA Photolyase\/Cryptochrome Family","volume":"85","author":"Vechtomova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12143","article-title":"Age-related dystrophic changes in corneal endothelium from DNA repair-deficient mice","volume":"12","author":"Roh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1276","article-title":"From polyploidy to aneuploidy, genome instability and cancer","volume":"5","author":"Storchova","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_189","first-page":"4290","article-title":"Corneal Endothelial Changes in DNA Repair-Deficient Mice","volume":"51","author":"Roh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_190","first-page":"838","article-title":"Defective DNA Repair in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy","volume":"62","author":"Deshpande","year":"2021","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2889","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2008.0528","article-title":"Development of a Surface-Modified Contact Lens for the Transfer of Cultured Limbal Epithelial Cells to the Cornea for Ocular Surface Diseases","volume":"15","author":"Deshpande","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part A"},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(99)00051-8","article-title":"Expression of a mammalian DNA photolyase confers light-dependent repair activity and reduces mutations of UV-irradiated shuttle vectors in xeroderma pigmentosum cells","volume":"435","author":"Asahina","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_193","first-page":"71","article-title":"Microinjected photoreactivating enzymes from Anacystis and Saccharomyces monomerize dimers in chromatin of human cells","volume":"146","author":"Zwetsloot","year":"1985","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2005.01.001","article-title":"Powerful skin cancer protection by a CPD-photolyase transgene","volume":"15","author":"Jans","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4719","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdf456","article-title":"Enhanced repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and improved UV resistance in photolyase transgenic mice","volume":"21","author":"Schul","year":"2002","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(80)90121-9","article-title":"The influence of the wavelength of ultraviolet radiation on survival, mutation induction and DNA repair in irradiated Chinese hamster cells","volume":"72","author":"Zelle","year":"1980","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(81)90148-2","article-title":"Sensitive determination of pyrimidine dimers in DNA of UV-irradiated mammalian cells. Introduction of T4 endonuclease V into frozen and thawed cells","volume":"82","author":"Smith","year":"1981","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(85)90150-3","article-title":"DNA repair in an active gene: Removal of pyrimidine dimers from the DHFR gene of CHO cells is much more efficient than in the genome overall","volume":"40","author":"Bohr","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2280(1997)29:2<152::AID-EM6>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"UV-sensitive rodent mutant cell lines of complementation groups 6 and 8 differ phenotypically from their human counterparts","volume":"29","author":"Collins","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2013.09.010","article-title":"Transfection of pseudouridine-modified mRNA encoding CPD-photolyase leads to repair of DNA damage in human keratinocytes: A new approach with future therapeutic potential","volume":"129","author":"Boros","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B"},{"key":"ref_201","first-page":"142","article-title":"Protein Kinases and Transcription Factors Activation in Response to UV-Radiation of Skin: Implications for Carcinogenesis","volume":"13","author":"Ocampo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s00792-018-1059-y","article-title":"A highly efficient and cost-effective recombinant production of a bacterial photolyase from the Antarctic isolate Hymenobacter sp. UV11","volume":"23","author":"Marizcurrena","year":"2019","journal-title":"Extremophiles"},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.67.4.1839","article-title":"T4 endonuclease involved in repair of DNA","volume":"67","author":"Yasuda","year":"1970","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(02)00215-4","article-title":"Enhanced DNA repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers changes the biological response to UV-B radiation","volume":"509","author":"Yarosh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12395551","article-title":"Localization of liposomes containing a DNA repair enzyme in murine skin","volume":"103","author":"Yarosh","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04214-8","article-title":"Effect of topically applied T4 endonuclease V in liposomes on skin cancer in xeroderma pigmentosum: A randomised study. Xeroderma Pigmentosum Study Group","volume":"357","author":"Yarosh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.8.6.829","article-title":"T4 endonuclease V: Review and application to dermatology","volume":"8","author":"Cafardi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Biol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_208","first-page":"405","article-title":"Repairing DNA damage in xeroderma pigmentosum: T4N5 lotion and gene therapy","volume":"7","author":"Zahid","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Drugs Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-020-00425-4","article-title":"Management Pearls on the Treatment of Actinic Keratoses and Field Cancerization","volume":"10","author":"Gilaberte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gomes, C., Silva, A.C., Marques, A.C., Lobo, J.S., and Amaral, M.H. (2020). Biotechnology Applied to Cosmetics and Aesthetic Medicines. Cosmetics, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics7020033"},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E410","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14209","article-title":"Management of cancerization field with a medical device containing photolyase: A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group pilot study","volume":"31","author":"Moscarella","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-019-0294-1","article-title":"Review of Clinical Evidence over 10 Years on Prevention and Treatment of a Film-Forming Medical Device Containing Photolyase in the Management of Field Cancerization in Actinic Keratosis","volume":"9","author":"Puig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14721","article-title":"A 9-month, randomized, assessor-blinded, parallel-group study to evaluate clinical effects of film-forming medical devices containing photolyase and sun filters in the treatment of field cancerization compared with sunscreen in patients after successful photodynamic therapy for actinic keratosis","volume":"175","author":"Eibenschutz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S1011-1344(01)00246-9","article-title":"Effect of xenogenic repair enzymes on photoimmunology and photocarcinogenesis","volume":"65","author":"Stege","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B"},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.030528897","article-title":"Enzyme plus light therapy to repair DNA damage in ultraviolet-B-irradiated human skin","volume":"97","author":"Stege","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_216","first-page":"4227","article-title":"Pyrimidine dimer removal enhanced by DNA repair liposomes reduces the incidence of UV skin cancer in mice","volume":"52","author":"Yarosh","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.1996.tb00188.x","article-title":"Enzyme therapy of xeroderma pigmentosum: Safety and efficacy testing of T4N5 liposome lotion containing a prokaryotic DNA repair enzyme","volume":"12","author":"Yarosh","year":"1996","journal-title":"Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2958","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.74.7.2958","article-title":"Specific action of T4 endonuclease V on damaged DNA in xeroderma pigmentosum cells in vivo","volume":"74","author":"Tanaka","year":"1977","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10898","article-title":"Endothelial Cell Whole Genome Expression Analysis in a Mouse Model of Early-Onset Fuchs\u2019 Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy","volume":"54","author":"Matthaei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shetty, R., Sharma, A., Pahuja, N., Chevour, P., Padmajan, N., Dhamodaran, K., Jayadev, C., Nuijts, R.M.M.A., Ghosh, A., and Nallathambi, J. (2017). Oxidative stress induces dysregulated autophagy in corneal epithelium of keratoconus patients. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184628"},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.01.001","article-title":"Rapamycin: One Drug, Many Effects","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40308","DOI":"10.1038\/srep40308","article-title":"Rapamycin Prolongs the Survival of Corneal Epithelial Cells in Culture","volume":"7","author":"Gidfar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_223","first-page":"1403","article-title":"Reduced UVB-induced corneal damage caused by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and decreased changes in corneal optics after trehalose treatment","volume":"25","author":"Cejkova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Histol. Histopathol."},{"key":"ref_224","first-page":"1029","article-title":"Trehalose treatment accelerates the healing of UVB-irradiated corneas. Comparative immunohistochemical studies on corneal cryostat sections and corneal impression cytology","volume":"27","author":"Cejkova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Histol. Histopathol."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.3036","article-title":"Inhibition of mTOR by Rapamycin Aggravates Corneal Epithelial Stem Cell Deficiency by Upregulating Inflammatory Response","volume":"37","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cells"}],"container-title":["Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-7737\/11\/2\/278\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:17:59Z","timestamp":1760134679000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-7737\/11\/2\/278"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]},"references-count":225,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["biology11020278"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology11020278","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-7737"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-7737","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]}}}