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As a result of its central role in so many important cellular processes, NF-\u03baB dysregulation has been implicated in the pathology of important human diseases. NF-\u03baB activation causes inappropriate inflammatory responses in diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Thus, modulation of NF-\u03baB signaling is being widely investigated as an approach to treat chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmunity and cancer. The emergence of COVID-19 in late 2019, the subsequent pandemic and the huge clinical burden of patients with life-threatening SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia led to a massive scramble to repurpose existing medicines to treat lung inflammation in a wide range of healthcare systems. These efforts continue and have proven to be controversial. Drug repurposing strategies are a promising alternative to de novo drug development, as they minimize drug development timelines and reduce the risk of failure due to unexpected side effects. Different experimental approaches have been applied to identify existing medicines which inhibit NF-\u03baB that could be repurposed as anti-inflammatory drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11030372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]],"date-time":"2022-02-27T20:46:17Z","timestamp":1645994777000},"page":"372","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["NF-\u03baB Signaling and Inflammation\u2014Drug Repurposing to Treat Inflammatory Disorders?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4958-548X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annabell","family":"Roberti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura Elizabeth","family":"Chaffey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2856-9410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David R.","family":"Greaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(86)90346-6","article-title":"Multiple nuclear factors interact with the immunoglobulin enhancer sequences","volume":"46","author":"Sen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-005-1579-7","article-title":"Role of nuclear factor-kappa B in melanoma","volume":"24","author":"Amiri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.2174\/1568010023344706","article-title":"Upstream signal transduction of NF-\u03baB activation","volume":"1","author":"Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. 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