{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T18:57:10Z","timestamp":1774119430894,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]],"date-time":"2022-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aim. To investigate the effect of changes in incisor tip, apex movement, and inclination on skeletal points A and B and characterize changes in skeletal points A and B to the soft tissue points A and B after incisor retraction in Angle Class I bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion. Methods. Twenty-two patients with Angle Class I bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion treated with four first premolar extractions were included in this study. The displacement of skeletal and soft tissue points A and B was measured using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) using a three-dimensional coordinate system. The movement of the upper and lower incisors was also measured using CBCT-synthesized lateral cephalograms. Results. Changes in the incisal tip, apex, and inclination after retraction did not significantly affect the position of points A and B in any direction (x, y, z). Linear regression analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between skeletal point A and soft tissue point A on the anteroposterior axis (z). Skeletal point A moved forward by 0.07 mm, and soft tissue point A moved forward by 0.38 mm, establishing a ratio of 0.18: 1 (r = 0.554, p &lt; 0.01). Conclusion. The positional complexion of the skeletal points A and B was not directly influenced by changes in the incisor tip, apex, and inclination. Although the results suggest that soft tissue point A follows the anteroposterior position of skeletal point A, its clinical significance is suspected. Thus, hard and soft tissue analysis should be considered in treatment planning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11030381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]],"date-time":"2022-02-27T20:46:17Z","timestamp":1645994777000},"page":"381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Three-Dimensional Digital Image Analysis of Skeletal and Soft Tissue Points A and B after Orthodontic Treatment with Premolar Extraction in Bimaxillary Protrusive Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"You Na","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14066, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4446-6772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byoung-Eun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14066, Korea"},{"name":"Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0739-7971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soo-Hwan","family":"Byun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14066, Korea"},{"name":"Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3659-8572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Min","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14066, Korea"},{"name":"Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6192-1530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung-Woon","family":"On","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"},{"name":"Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong 18450, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"In-Young","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14066, Korea"},{"name":"Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2011.01512.x","article-title":"Three-dimensional tomographic mapping related to primary stability and structural miniscrew characteristics","volume":"14","author":"Tecco","year":"2011","journal-title":"Orthod. 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