{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T03:53:41Z","timestamp":1793159621509,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":232,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]],"date-time":"2022-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurodegenerative diseases are an increasing cause of global morbidity and mortality. They occur in the central nervous system (CNS) and lead to functional and mental impairment due to loss of neurons. Recent evidence highlights the link between neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases of the CNS. These are typically associated with several neurological disorders. These diseases have fundamental differences regarding their underlying physiology and clinical manifestations, although there are aspects that overlap. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is comprised of receptors (type-1 (CB1R) and type-2 (CB2R) cannabinoid-receptors, as well as transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)), endogenous ligands and enzymes that synthesize and degrade endocannabinoids (ECBs). Recent studies revealed the involvement of the ECS in different pathological aspects of these neurodegenerative disorders. The present review will explore the roles of cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) and pharmacological agents that modulate CBRs or ECS activity with reference to Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (AD), Parkinson\u2019s Disease (PD), Huntington\u2019s Disease (HD) and multiple sclerosis (MS).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11030440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T03:06:10Z","timestamp":1647313570000},"page":"440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Endocannabinoid Modulation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: In Pursuit of Certainty"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3948-6496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandru","family":"Vasincu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, \u201cGrigore T Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u0103zvan-Nicolae","family":"Rusu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, \u201cGrigore T Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5568-2123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela-Carmen","family":"Ababei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, \u201cGrigore T Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u0103d\u0103lina","family":"Larion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology Intensive Therapy, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology \u201cProf. Dr. Octavian Fodor\u201d, 19 Croitorilor Street, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthetics, Midland Regional Hospital, Longford Road, Mullingar, N91 NA43 Co. Westmeath, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4923-8020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walther","family":"Bild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, \u201cGrigore T Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Center of Biomedical Research of the Romanian Academy, 700506 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4440-9628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela Dumitri\u021ba","family":"Stanciu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0323-0296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Solcan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preclinics Department, \u201cIon Ionescu de la Brad\u201d University of Life Sciences, 8 M. Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Bild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, \u201cGrigore T Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Center of Biomedical Research of the Romanian Academy, 700506 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Meccariello, R. (2016). Cannabinoids and Motor Control of the Basal Ganglia: Therapeutic Potential in Movement Disorders. Cannabinoids in Health and Disease, InTech Open."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a033118","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a033118","article-title":"Clinical Neurology and Epidemiology of the Major Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"10","author":"Erkkinen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. 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