{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T03:37:04Z","timestamp":1781581024542,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004569","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/I\/22-SZB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/I\/22-SZB"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a condition that characterizes fetuses as too small for their gestational age, with an estimated fetal weight (EFW) below the 10th percentile and abnormal Doppler parameters and\/or with EFW below the 3rd percentile. We designed our study to demonstrate the contribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from DLX3 (rs11656951, rs2278163, and rs10459948), HLX (rs2184658, and 868058), ANGPT2 (\u221235 G &gt; C), and ITGAV (rs3911238, and rs3768777) genes in maternal blood in FGR. A cohort of 380 women with singleton pregnancies consisted of 190 pregnancies with FGR and 190 healthy full-term controls. A comparison of the pregnancies with an early-onset FGR and healthy subjects showed that the AT heterozygotes in HLX rs868058 were significantly associated with an approximately two-fold increase in disease risk (p \u2264 0.050). The AT heterozygotes in rs868058 were significantly more frequent in the cases with early-onset FGR than in late-onset FGR in the overdominant model (OR 2.08 95% CI 1.11\u20133.89, p = 0.022), and after being adjusted by anemia, in the codominant model (OR 2.45 95% CI 1.23\u20134.90, p = 0.034). In conclusion, the heterozygous AT genotype in HLX rs868058 can be considered a significant risk factor for the development of early-onset FGR, regardless of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11030447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T22:09:58Z","timestamp":1647468598000},"page":"447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Rs868058 in the Homeobox Gene HLX Contributes to Early-Onset Fetal Growth Restriction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Wioletta Izabela","family":"Wujcicka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Laboratory of the Center of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics and Screening, Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marian","family":"Kacerovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Krekora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Kaczmarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Prenatal Fetal and Maternal Diagnostics, Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Le\u015bniczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-251 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6900-4347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariusz","family":"Grzesiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Perinatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gal087","article-title":"Homeobox gene DLX4 expression is increased in idiopathic human fetal growth restriction","volume":"12","author":"Murthi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. 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