{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T08:11:27Z","timestamp":1793261487059,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundamental Fund 2022, Chiang Mai University"},{"name":"Chiang Mai University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sperm sexing technique is favored in the dairy industry. This research focuses on the efficiency of bovine sperm sexing using magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) by scFv antibody against Y-chromosome-bearing sperm (Y-scFv) coupled to magnetic microbeads and its effects on kinematic variables, sperm quality, and X\/Y-sperm ratio. In this study, the optimal concentration of Y-scFv antibody coupling to the surface of magnetic microbeads was 2\u20134 mg\/mL. PY-microbeads revealed significantly enriched Y-chromosome-bearing sperm (Y-sperm) in the eluted fraction (78.01\u201381.43%) and X-chromosome-bearing sperm (X-sperm) in the supernatant fraction (79.04\u201382.65%). The quality of frozen\u2013thawed sexed sperm was analyzed by CASA and imaging flow cytometer, which showed that PY-microbeads did not have a negative effect on X-sperm motility, viability, or acrosome integrity. However, sexed Y-sperm had significantly decreased motility and viability. The X\/Y-sperm ratio was determined using an imaging flow cytometer and real-time PCR. PY-microbeads produced sperm with up to 82.65% X-sperm in the X-enriched fraction and up to 81.43% Y-sperm in the Y-enriched fraction. Bovine sperm sexing by PY-microbeads showed high efficiency in separating Y-sperm from X-sperm and acceptable sperm quality. This initial technique is feasible for bovine sperm sexing, which increases the number of heifers in dairy herds while lowering production expenses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11050715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T14:49:38Z","timestamp":1651848578000},"page":"715","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["High-Efficiency Bovine Sperm Sexing Used Magnetic-Activated Cell Sorting by Coupling scFv Antibodies Specific to Y-Chromosome-Bearing Sperm on Magnetic Microbeads"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0089-8183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Korawan","family":"Sringarm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Cluster of Research and Development of Pharmaceutical and Natural Products Innovation for Human or Animal, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marninphan","family":"Thongkham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Supamit","family":"Mekchay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Cluster of Research and Development of Pharmaceutical and Natural Products Innovation for Human or Animal, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2014-5306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chompunut","family":"Lumsangkul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4698-6579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wannaluk","family":"Thaworn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wiwat","family":"Pattanawong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekaphot","family":"Rangabpit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Livestock Semen Production Center, Inthanon Royal Project, Department of Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Chiang Mai 50360, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8157-4433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pornchai","family":"Rachtanapun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand"},{"name":"Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kittisak","family":"Jantanasakulwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand"},{"name":"Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anucha","family":"Sathanawongs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5510-5905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Surat","family":"Hongsibsong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cluster of Research and Development of Pharmaceutical and Natural Products Innovation for Human or Animal, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"School of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00481","article-title":"Sex Manipulation Technologies Progress in Livestock: A Review","volume":"7","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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