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Using the giant spiny frog (Quasipaa spinosa), we studied mRNA expression levels of (1) circadian core clock (Bmal1, Clock, Cry1 and Per2), clock-controlled (Ror-\u03b1, Mel-1c and AANAT), and antioxidant enzyme (AOE) (SOD1, SOD2, CAT and GPx) genes in retina, brain, and liver; and (2) plasma melatonin (MT) and corticosterone (CORT) levels, over a 24-hour period at six intervals pre-hibernation and during hibernation. Our results showed that brain Bmal1, Cry1, Per2 and Mel-1c were rhythmic pre-hibernation and Clock and Ror-\u03b1 during hibernation. However, the retina Bmal1, Clock and Mel-1c, and plasma MT became rhythmic during hibernation. All brain AOEs (SOD1, SOD2, CAT and GPx) were rhythmic pre-hibernation and became non-rhythmic but upregulated, except SOD1, during hibernation. However, plasma CORT and liver clocks and AOEs were non-rhythmic in both periods. The mRNA expression levels of AOEs closely resembled those of Ror-\u03b1 but not plasma MT oscillations. In the hibernating aquatic frogs, these modulations of melatonin, as well as clock and clock-controlled genes and AOEs might be fundamental for them to remain relatively inactive, increase tolerance, and escape hypoxia, and to prepare for arousal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11050722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T21:23:27Z","timestamp":1652131407000},"page":"722","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hibernation with Rhythmicity in the Retina, Brain, and Plasma but Not in the Liver of Hibernating Giant Spiny Frogs (Quasipaa spinosa)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4470-6825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhigang","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3273-4642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim M.","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lirong","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2759-3435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, V. 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