{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T03:48:11Z","timestamp":1790826491099,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The complications following snake bite envenoming are due to the venom\u2019s biological activities, which can act on different systems of the prey. These activities arise from the fact that snake venoms are rich in bioactive molecules, which are also of interest for designing drugs. The venom of Montivipera bornmuelleri, known as the Lebanon viper, has been shown to exert antibacterial, anticancer, and immunomodulatory effects. However, the venom\u2019s activity on the nervous system has not yet been studied, and its effect on the cardiovascular system needs further investigation. Because zebrafish is a convenient model to study tissue alterations induced by toxic agents, we challenged it with the venom of Montivipera bornmuelleri. We show that this venom leads to developmental toxicity but not teratogenicity in zebrafish embryos. The venom also induces neurotoxic effects and disrupts the zebrafish cardiovascular system, leading to heartbeat rate reduction and hemorrhage. Our findings demonstrate the potential neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity of M. bornmuelleri\u2019s venom, suggesting a multitarget strategy during envenomation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11060888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T10:49:14Z","timestamp":1654771754000},"page":"888","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Neuro- and Cardiovascular Activities of Montivipera bornmuelleri Snake Venom"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5822-9607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Sahyoun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe CarMe, SFR ICAT, University of Angers, 49000 Angers, France"},{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1605-3185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Krezel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2214-2611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Mattei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe CarMe, SFR ICAT, University of Angers, 49000 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9040-5647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Marc","family":"Sabatier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, INP, Institute of Neurophysiopathology, Aix-Marseille University, 13385 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3346-7059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Legros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe CarMe, SFR ICAT, University of Angers, 49000 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6502-3110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziad","family":"Fajloun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences 3, Campus Michel Slayman, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0335-9882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamad","family":"Rima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon"},{"name":"Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abd El-Aziz, M., Soares, G., and Stockand, J.D. 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