{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T03:27:53Z","timestamp":1780370873726,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Council of Science and Technology","award":["DGO-2008-C01-87559"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGO-2008-C01-87559"]}]},{"name":"National Council of Science and Technology","award":["DGO-2009-C02-116746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGO-2009-C02-116746"]}]},{"name":"National Council of Science and Technology","award":["CONACYT-SIVILLA-1998-0401010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CONACYT-SIVILLA-1998-0401010"]}]},{"name":"National Council of Science and Technology","award":["ALFA-III-ALAS\/ALFA-III-82"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALFA-III-ALAS\/ALFA-III-82"]}]},{"name":"National Council of Science and Technology","award":["2017-4-291691"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-4-291691"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["DGO-2008-C01-87559"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGO-2008-C01-87559"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["DGO-2009-C02-116746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGO-2009-C02-116746"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["CONACYT-SIVILLA-1998-0401010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CONACYT-SIVILLA-1998-0401010"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["ALFA-III-ALAS\/ALFA-III-82"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALFA-III-ALAS\/ALFA-III-82"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["2017-4-291691"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-4-291691"]}]},{"name":"Research Sectorial Fund SAGARPA-CONACYT","award":["DGO-2008-C01-87559"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGO-2008-C01-87559"]}]},{"name":"Research Sectorial Fund SAGARPA-CONACYT","award":["DGO-2009-C02-116746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGO-2009-C02-116746"]}]},{"name":"Research Sectorial Fund SAGARPA-CONACYT","award":["CONACYT-SIVILLA-1998-0401010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CONACYT-SIVILLA-1998-0401010"]}]},{"name":"Research Sectorial Fund SAGARPA-CONACYT","award":["ALFA-III-ALAS\/ALFA-III-82"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALFA-III-ALAS\/ALFA-III-82"]}]},{"name":"Research Sectorial Fund SAGARPA-CONACYT","award":["2017-4-291691"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-4-291691"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The potential effect of intravenous administration of glutamate on the ovarian activity and the LH secretion pattern, considering the anestrous yearling goat as an animal model, were assessed. In late April, yearling goats (n = 20) were randomly assigned to either (1) Glutamate supplemented (GLUT; n = 10, Live Weight (LW) = 29.6 \u00b1 1.02 kg, Body Condition (BCS) = 3.4 \u00b1 0.2 units; i.v. supplemented with 7 mg GLUT kg\u22121 LW) or (2) Non-supplemented (CONT; n = 10; LW = 29.2 \u00b1 1.07 kg, BCS = 3.5 \u00b1 0.2 units; i.v. saline). The oats were estrus-synchronized; blood sampling (6 h \u00d7 15 min) was carried out for LH quantification. Response variables included pulsatility (PULSE), time to first pulse (TTFP), amplitude (AMPL), nadir (NAD), and area under the curve (AUC) of LH. Ovaries were ultra-sonographically scanned to assess ovulation rate (OR), number of antral follicles (AF), and total ovarian activity (TOA = OR + AF). LH-PULSE was quantified with the Munro algorithm; significant treatment x time interactions were evaluated across time. The variables LW and BCS did not differ (p &gt; 0.05) between the experimental groups. Nevertheless, OR (1.77 vs. 0.87 \u00b1 0.20 units), TOA (4.11 vs. 1.87 \u00b1 0.47 units) and LH-PULSE (5.0 vs. 2.2 pulses 6 h-1) favored (p &lt; 0.05) to the GLUT group. Our results reveal that targeted glutamate supplementation, the main central nervous system neurotransmitter, arose as an interesting strategy to enhance the hypothalamic\u2013hypophyseal\u2013ovarian response considering the anestrous-yearling goat as an animal model, with thought-provoking while promising translational applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11071015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T09:41:10Z","timestamp":1657100470000},"page":"1015","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Goats as Valuable Animal Model to Test the Targeted Glutamate Supplementation upon Antral Follicle Number, Ovulation Rate, and LH-Pulsatility"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Luis A.","family":"Luna-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Chapingo, Unidad Regional Universitaria de Zonas \u00c1ridas, Bermejillo 35230, Durango, Mexico"},{"name":"Departamento de Medicina y Cirug\u00eda Animal, Campus Rabanales, Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba, 14014 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0289-2009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9sar A.","family":"Meza-Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Chapingo, Unidad Regional Universitaria de Zonas \u00c1ridas, Bermejillo 35230, Durango, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9574-383X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos C.","family":"P\u00e9rez-Mar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina y Cirug\u00eda Animal, Campus Rabanales, Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba, 14014 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebeca","family":"Corona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Neurobiolog\u00eda Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Neuroanatom\u00eda Funcional y Neuroendocrinolog\u00eda, Instituto de Neurobiolog\u00eda, UNAM, Quer\u00e9taro 76230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan R.","family":"Luna-Orozco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Bachillerato Tecnol\u00f3gico Agropecuario No. 1, Torre\u00f3n 27000, Coahuila, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5105-1508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco G.","family":"V\u00e9liz-Deras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Agraria Antonio Narro, Unidad Laguna, Torre\u00f3n 27054, Coahuila, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3018-232X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ram\u00f3n","family":"Delgado-Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Agraria Antonio Narro, Unidad Laguna, Torre\u00f3n 27054, Coahuila, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7670-9425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Rodriguez-Venegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Agraria Antonio Narro, Unidad Laguna, Torre\u00f3n 27054, Coahuila, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3414-338X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cesar A.","family":"Rosales-Nieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Agronom\u00eda y Veterinaria, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de San Luis Potos\u00ed, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78321, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1642-3916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge A.","family":"Bustamante-Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Agricultura y Zootecnia, Universidad Ju\u00e1rez del Estado de Durango, Venecia Durango 35111, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6409-1947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulises N.","family":"Gutierrez-Guzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Agricultura y Zootecnia, Universidad Ju\u00e1rez del Estado de Durango, Venecia Durango 35111, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"The role of photoperiod and melatonin in the control of seasonal reproduction in mammals","volume":"16","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rocz. 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