{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T22:29:24Z","timestamp":1776205764328,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD) is a phenomenon that refers to a paradoxical increase in finger temperature that sometimes occurs during cold exposure. The aim of this study was to compare CIVD responses between women and men, during exposure to different environmental conditions. Methods: Seven men and seven women participated in a matched controlled study consisting of a familiarization protocol followed by three experimental sessions (cool (10.8 \u00b0C WBGT), thermoneutral (17.2 \u00b0C WBGT), and hot (27.2 \u00b0C WBGT)). In each session, participants were asked to immerse their left hand and foot in warm water (35 \u00b1 1 \u00b0C) for five minutes. Thereafter, the left hand and foot were immersed in cold water (8 \u00b1 1 \u00b0C) for 40 min. After that, the left hand and foot were removed from the water and participants remained seated for five minutes. Results: For a matched thermal stress, women experienced an elevated cardiovascular strain (heart rate and in some cases mean arterial pressure) and higher frequency of CIVD reactions (men: 31 vs. women: 60) in comparison to their male counterparts. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that women experienced elevated cardiovascular strain and higher frequency of CIVD reactions, particularly in the toes, compared to their male counterparts during cold-water immersion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11071054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T22:06:00Z","timestamp":1657749960000},"page":"1054","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Cardiovascular Stress and Characteristics of Cold-Induced Vasodilation in Women and Men during Cold-Water Immersion: A Randomized Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5093-1458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lydia","family":"Tsoutsoubi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5460-8167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonidas G.","family":"Ioannou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1740-9748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Mantzios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1004-8134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Styliani","family":"Ziaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9090-1958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars","family":"Nybo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, August Krogh Building, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9823-3915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas D.","family":"Flouris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2015.1008890","article-title":"Responses of the hands and feet to cold exposure","volume":"2","author":"Cheung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Temperature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2595","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-011-2233-4","article-title":"Trainability of cold induced vasodilatation in fingers and toes","volume":"112","author":"Daanen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. 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