{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T04:31:36Z","timestamp":1769920296602,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is at the forefront of the global cancer burden, and biomarkers for HCC are constantly being sought. Interestingly, RGS (Regulators of G protein signaling) proteins, which negatively regulate GPCR signaling, have been associated with various cancers, with some members of the RGS family being associated with liver cancer as well. Considering this, we investigated the role of RGS20 as a potential prognostic marker in 28 different cancer types with special emphasis on HCC. By using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data, our analysis revealed that (a) RGS20 was strongly upregulated in tumor tissue compared with adjacent normal tissue of HCC patients; (b) RGS20 was strongly associated with some important clinical parameters such as alpha-fetoprotein and tumor grade in the HCC patients; (c) besides HCC (p &lt; 0.001), RGS20 was found to be an important factor for survival in four other cancers (clear renal cell carcinoma: p &lt; 0.001, lung adenocarcinoma: p = 0.004, mesothelioma: p = 0.039, ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma: p = 0.048); (d) RGS20 was found to be significantly associated with some tumor-related signaling pathways and long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs: LINC00511, PVT1, MIR4435-2HG, BCYRN1, and MAPKAPK5-AS1) that exhibit oncogenic potential. Taken together, we showed that RGS20 correlates with a few HCC-associated lincRNAs harboring oncogenic potential and is markedly upregulated in HCC patients. Our analysis further supports the putative function of RGS proteins, particularly RGS20, in cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11081174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T21:52:48Z","timestamp":1659649968000},"page":"1174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Regulator of G Protein Signaling 20 Correlates with Long Intergenic Non-Coding RNA (lincRNAs) Harboring Oncogenic Potential and Is Markedly Upregulated in Hepatocellular Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yulu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria F.","family":"Setiawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8768-764X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongde","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tikam Chand","family":"Dakal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome and Computational Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongjia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fangfang","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Rudan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunxia","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3956-1457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria A.","family":"Gonzalez-Carmona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1682-1765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miroslaw T.","family":"Kornek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian P.","family":"Strassburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3565-543X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jarek","family":"Maciaczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5655-0867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amit","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2216-5389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingo G. H.","family":"Schmidt-Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1713263","article-title":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"380","author":"Villanueva","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589680","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.589680","article-title":"Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Limits and Prospects","volume":"11","author":"Zhong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. 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