{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:56:56Z","timestamp":1760237816875,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]],"date-time":"2022-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7224334","81871009","82030037","HZ2021ZCLJ005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7224334","81871009","82030037","HZ2021ZCLJ005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7224334","81871009","82030037","HZ2021ZCLJ005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7224334","81871009","82030037","HZ2021ZCLJ005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"HuiZhi Ascent Project of Xuanwu Hospital","award":["7224334","81871009","82030037","HZ2021ZCLJ005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7224334","81871009","82030037","HZ2021ZCLJ005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Accurate localization of the epileptogenic zone and understanding the related functional connectivity (FC) alterations are critical for the prediction of clinical prognosis in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). We aim to localize the hypometabolic region in TLE patients, compare the differences in FC alterations based on hypometabolic region and structural lesion, respectively, and explore their relationships with clinical prognosis. (2) Methods: Thirty-two TLE patients and 26 controls were recruited. Patients underwent 18F-FDG PET\/MR scan, surgical treatment, and a 2\u20133-year follow-up. Visual assessment and voxel-wise analyses were performed to identify hypometabolic regions. ROI-based FC analyses were performed. Relationships between clinical prognosis and FC values were performed by using Pearson correlation analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. (3) Results: Hypometabolic regions in TLE patients were found in the ipsilateral hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, and temporal lobe (p &lt; 0.001). Functional alterations based on hypometabolic regions showed a more extensive whole-brain FC reduction. FC values of these regions negatively correlated with epilepsy duration (p &lt; 0.05), and the ROC curve of them showed significant accuracy in predicting postsurgical outcome. (4) Conclusions: In TLE patients, FC related with hypometabolic region obtained by PET\/fMRI may provide value in the prediction of disease progression and seizure-free outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11081178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,7]],"date-time":"2022-08-07T21:03:50Z","timestamp":1659906230000},"page":"1178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Functional Connectivity Alterations Based on Hypometabolic Region May Predict Clinical Prognosis of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Simultaneous 18F-FDG PET\/fMRI Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2646-8835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Shan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hu-Cheng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bi-Xiao","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Tong","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong-Zhi","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4948-3683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie-Hui","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guo-Guang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.220","article-title":"Early Randomized Surgical Epilepsy Trial (ERSET) Study Group. Early surgical therapy for drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy: A randomized trial","volume":"307","author":"Engel","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13510","article-title":"Regional and global connectivity disturbances in focal epilepsy, related neurocognitive sequelae, and potential mechanistic underpinnings","volume":"57","author":"Englot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001068","article-title":"Altered functional connectivity in seizure onset zones revealed by fMRI intrinsic connectivity","volume":"83","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03191.x","article-title":"Functional MRI connectivity as a predictor of the surgical outcome of epilepsy","volume":"52","author":"Negishi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"1775","article-title":"The role of radionuclide imaging in epilepsy, Part 1: Sporadic temporal and extratemporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"54","author":"Kumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13699","article-title":"MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy-What do we know?","volume":"58","author":"Muhlhofer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-020-04935-3","article-title":"Efficacy of delayed (18)F-FDG hybrid PET\/MRI for epileptic focus identification: A prospective cohort study","volume":"48","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000527","article-title":"PET and ictal SPECT can be helpful for localizing epileptic foci","volume":"31","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.12.022","article-title":"The relationship between structural MRI, FDG-PET, and memory in temporal lobe epilepsy: Preliminary results","volume":"80","author":"Berger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.6.933","article-title":"[18F]FDG-PET reveals temporal hypometabolism in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy even when quantitative MRI and histopathological analysis show only mild hippocampal damage","volume":"58","author":"Lamusuo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2011.08.019","article-title":"\u201cMRI-negative PET-positive\u201d temporal lobe epilepsy: Invasive EEG findings, histopathology, and postoperative outcomes","volume":"22","author":"Kuba","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5814","article-title":"Clinical Value of Hybrid TOF-PET\/MR Imaging-Based Multiparametric Imaging in Localizing Seizure Focus in Patients with MRI-Negative Temporal Lobe Epilepsy","volume":"39","author":"Shang","year":"2018","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01197.x","article-title":"The added value of [18F]-fluoro-D-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography in screening for temporal lobe epilepsy surgery","volume":"48","author":"Uijl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020191008","article-title":"Contralateral Preoperative Resting-State Functional MRI Network Integration Is Associated with Surgical Outcome in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy","volume":"294","author":"DeSalvo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12476","article-title":"Functional connectivity of hippocampal networks in temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"55","author":"Haneef","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2014.12.006","article-title":"Increasing structural atrophy and functional isolation of the temporal lobe with duration of disease in temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"110","author":"Morgan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira, F.R., Alessio, A., Sercheli, M.S., Pedro, T., Bilevicius, E., Rondina, J.M., Ozelo, H.F., Castellano, G., Covolan, R.J., and Damasceno, B.P. (2010). Asymmetrical hippocampal connectivity in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: Evidence from resting state fMRI. BMC Neurosci., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-11-66"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03464.x","article-title":"Patterns of altered functional connectivity in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"53","author":"Pittau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.23736\/S1824-4785.17.03008-4","article-title":"Brain PET and functional MRI: Why simultaneously using hybrid PET\/MR systems?","volume":"61","author":"Cecchin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Q. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.209","article-title":"Long-term outcomes after nonlesional extratemporal lobe epilepsy surgery","volume":"70","author":"Noe","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2440","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-020-04752-8","article-title":"Multiparametric imaging hippocampal neurodegeneration and functional connectivity with simultaneous PET\/MRI in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"47","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-018-3994-3","article-title":"(18)F-FDG PET in drug-resistant epilepsy due to focal cortical dysplasia type 2: Additional value of electroclinical data and coregistration with MRI","volume":"45","author":"Desarnaud","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A6041","article-title":"Focal Cortical Dysplasia and Refractory Epilepsy: Role of Multimodality Imaging and Outcome of Surgery","volume":"40","author":"Jayalakshmi","year":"2019","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2016.05.002","article-title":"Combined (18)F-FDG-PET and diffusion tensor imaging in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Aparicio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh014","article-title":"Metabolic changes and electro-clinical patterns in mesio-temporal lobe epilepsy: A correlative study","volume":"127","author":"Chassoux","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13377","article-title":"Determinants of brain metabolism changes in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"57","author":"Chassoux","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003714","article-title":"(18)F-FDG-PET patterns of surgical success and failure in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"88","author":"Chassoux","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25405","article-title":"Metabolic patterns and seizure outcomes following anterior temporal lobectomy","volume":"85","author":"Cahill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12904","article-title":"Dynamic directed interictal connectivity in left and right temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"56","author":"Coito","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28513","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28513","article-title":"Insights into Intrinsic Brain Networks based on Graph Theory and PET in right- compared to left-sided Temporal Lobe Epilepsy","volume":"6","author":"Vanicek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02324.x","article-title":"An optimized voxel-based morphometric study of gray matter changes in patients with left-sided and right-sided mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE\/HS)","volume":"51","author":"Pail","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-017-9797-5","article-title":"Meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies of gray matter abnormalities in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and unilateral hippocampal sclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22059","article-title":"Extratemporal functional connectivity impairments at rest are related to memory performance in mesial temporal epilepsy","volume":"34","author":"Doucet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12936","article-title":"Presurgery resting-state local graph-theory measures predict neurocognitive outcomes after brain surgery in temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"56","author":"Doucet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.11.012","article-title":"Surgical versus medical treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"82","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13762","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging connectivity for the prediction of seizure outcome in temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"58","author":"Morgan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsia"}],"container-title":["Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-7737\/11\/8\/1178\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:04:39Z","timestamp":1760141079000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-7737\/11\/8\/1178"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["biology11081178"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology11081178","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-7737"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2079-7737"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]]}}}