{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:48:19Z","timestamp":1790833699172,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: When the severity of Parkinson\u2019s Disease (PD) increases, patients often have difficulties in performing exercises. Whole-Body Vibration (WBV) may be a suitable alternative. This systematic review aims to clarify if WBV shows potential as rehabilitative therapy for PD patients. (2) Methods: We searched several databases for controlled trials investigating the effects of WBV (1) on PD populations and (2) PD neuropathological mechanisms. We included both human and animal studies and performed meta-analyses. (3) Results: The studies on PD populations (14 studies) show an overall significant, but small, effect in favor of WBV (Hedges\u2019 g = 0.28), for which the effects on stability (Hedges\u2019 g = 0.39) and balance (Hedges\u2019 g = 0.30) are the most prominent. The studies on the neuropathological mechanisms (18 studies) show WBV effects on neuroinflammation (Hedges\u2019 g = \u20131.12) and several specific WBV effects on neurotransmitter systems, growth factors, neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity and oxidative stress. (4) Conclusions: The effects of WBV on human PD patients remains inconclusive. Nevertheless, WBV protocols with sufficient duration (\u22653 weeks), session frequency (\u22653 sessions\/week) and vibration frequency (\u226520 Hz) show potential as a treatment method, especially for motor function. The potential of WBV for PD patients is confirmed by the effects on the neuropathological mechanisms in mostly non-PD populations. We recommend high-quality future studies on both PD patients and PD mouse models to optimize WBV protocols and to examine the neuropathological mechanisms in PD populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11081238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]],"date-time":"2022-08-21T21:05:51Z","timestamp":1661115951000},"page":"1238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Potential of Whole-Body Vibration in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human and Animal Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2637-3510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y. Laurisa","family":"Arenales Arauz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1500-4592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gargi","family":"Ahuja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biochemistry, University of Groningen, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ype P. T.","family":"Kamsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8174-6397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arjan","family":"Kortholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biochemistry, University of Groningen, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"YETEM-Innovative Technologies Application and Research Centre, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32260, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6471-7938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eddy A.","family":"van der Zee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5402-0790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marieke J. G.","family":"van Heuvelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776847","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.776847","article-title":"Global Trends in the Incidence, Prevalence, and Years Lived with Disability of Parkinson\u2019s Disease in 204 Countries\/Territories from 1990 to 2019","volume":"9","author":"Ou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-017-0099-z","article-title":"Current Understanding of the Molecular Mechanisms in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Targets for Potential Treatments","volume":"6","author":"Maiti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl. 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