{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T03:39:58Z","timestamp":1774928398260,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FoRUM","award":["F826R-2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F826R-2015"]}]},{"name":"Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst, Research Grants\u2013Doctoral Programs in Germany","award":["F826R-2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F826R-2015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Branchiomeric skeletal muscles are a subset of head muscles originating from skeletal muscle progenitor cells in the mesodermal core of pharyngeal arches. These muscles are involved in facial expression, mastication, and function of the larynx and pharynx. Branchiomeric muscles have been the focus of many studies over the years due to their distinct developmental programs and common origin with the heart muscle. A prerequisite for investigating these muscles\u2019 properties and therapeutic potential is understanding their genetic program and differentiation. In contrast to our understanding of how branchiomeric muscles are formed, less is known about their differentiation. This review focuses on the differentiation of branchiomeric muscles in mouse embryos. Furthermore, the relationship between branchiomeric muscle progenitor and neural crest cells in the pharyngeal arches of chicken embryos is also discussed. Additionally, we summarize recent studies into the genetic networks that distinguish between first arch-derived muscles and other pharyngeal arch muscles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11081245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]],"date-time":"2022-08-21T22:23:13Z","timestamp":1661120593000},"page":"1245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["New Insights into the Diversity of Branchiomeric Muscle Development: Genetic Programs and Differentiation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8671-4949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imadeldin","family":"Yahya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11115, Sudan"},{"name":"Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2613-6216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorit","family":"Hockman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beate","family":"Brand-Saberi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Morosan-Puopolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3269","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.050674","article-title":"Clonal analysis reveals common lineage relationships between head muscles and second heart field derivatives in the mouse embryo","volume":"137","author":"Lescroart","year":"2010","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2015.00062","article-title":"The emergence of Pax7-expressing muscle stem cells during vertebrate head muscle development","volume":"7","author":"Nogueira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. 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