{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T15:45:57Z","timestamp":1790178357145,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian Research Council Discovery Project","award":["ARC DP180103694"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARC DP180103694"]}]},{"name":"Australian Research Council Discovery Project","award":["ARC LE170100192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARC LE170100192"]}]},{"name":"LIEF Project","award":["ARC DP180103694"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARC DP180103694"]}]},{"name":"LIEF Project","award":["ARC LE170100192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARC LE170100192"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Elucidating the infectivity of Schistosoma mansoni, one of the main etiological agents of human schistosomiasis, requires an improved understanding of the behavioural mechanisms of cercariae, the non-feeding mammalian infective stage. This study investigated the presence and effect of cercariae-derived putative neuropeptides on cercarial behaviour when applied externally. Cercariae were peptidomically analysed and 11 neuropeptide precursor proteins, all of which were specific to the Schistosoma genus and most of which highly expressed in the cercarial stage, were identified in cercariae for the first time. Protein\u2013protein interaction analysis predicted the interaction of various neuropeptide precursors (e.g., Sm-npp-30, Sm-npp-33, Sm-npp-35) with cercarial structural proteins (e.g., myosin heavy chain and titin). In total, nine putative neuropeptides, selected based on their high hydrophobicity and small size (~1 kilodalton), were tested on cercariae (3 mg\/mL) in acute exposure (1 min) and prolonged exposure (360 min) behavioural bioassays. The peptides AAYMDLPW-NH2, NRKIDQSFYSYY-NH2, FLLALPSP-OH, and NYLWDTRL-NH2 stimulated acute increases in cercarial spinning, stopping, and directional change during active states. However, only NRKIDQSFYSYY-NH2 caused the same behavioural changes at a lower concentration (0.1 mg\/mL). After prolonged exposure, AAYMDLPW-NH2 and NYLWDTRL-NH2 caused increasing passive behaviour and NRKIDQSFYSYY-NH2 caused increasing body-first and head-pulling movements. These findings characterise behaviour-altering novel putative neuropeptides, which may inform future biocontrol innovations to prevent human schistosomiasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11091344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T20:52:25Z","timestamp":1663015945000},"page":"1344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Identification of Putative Neuropeptides That Alter the Behaviour of Schistosoma mansoni Cercariae"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4713-4116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Conor E.","family":"Fogarty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4556, Australia"},{"name":"School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4556, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9129-2082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saowaros","family":"Suwansa-ard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4556, Australia"},{"name":"School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4556, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phong","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4556, Australia"},{"name":"School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4556, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald P.","family":"McManus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary G.","family":"Duke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0971-7588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Russell C.","family":"Wyeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott F.","family":"Cummins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4556, Australia"},{"name":"School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4556, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4876-7767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianfang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4556, Australia"},{"name":"School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4556, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2019.09.001","article-title":"Schistosomiasis and Infertility: What Do We Know?","volume":"35","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13165","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13165","article-title":"Schistosomiasis (bilharziasis) and male infertility","volume":"51","author":"Altenburg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0652","article-title":"Association between Schistosoma haematobium exposure and human immunodeficiency virus infection among females in Mozambique","volume":"94","author":"Brodish","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. 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