{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T08:28:40Z","timestamp":1770884920746,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]],"date-time":"2022-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006013","name":"College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NP-15-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NP-15-21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The mechanism of anaphylactic shock (AS) remains incompletely understood. The potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), the inhibitors of cystathionine \u03b3-lyase (ICSE), dl-propargylglycine (DPG) or \u03b2-cyanoalanine (BCA), and the nitric oxide (NO) synthase produce vasoconstriction and could be an alternative for the treatment of AS. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the ability of L-NAME, ICSE alone or in combination with 4-AP to restore blood pressure (BP) and improve survival in ovalbumin (OVA) rats AS. Experimental groups included non-sensitized Wistar rats (n = 6); AS (n = 6); AS (n = 10 per group) treated i.v. with 4-AP (AS+4-AP), epinephrine (AS+EPI), AS+DPG, AS+BCA, or with L-NAME (AS+L-NAME); or AS treated with drug combinations 4-AP+DPG, 4-AP+BCA, 4-AP+L-NAME, or 4-AP+EPI. AS was induced by i.v. OVA (1 mg). Treatments were administered i.v. one minute after AS induction. Mean arterial BP (MAP), heart rate (HR), and survival were monitored for 60 min. Plasma levels of histamine, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and F2 (PGF2\u03b1), leukotriene B4 and C4, angiotensin II, vasopressin, oxidative stress markers, pH, HCO3, PaO2, PaCO2, and K+ were measured. OVA induced severe hypotension and all AS rats died. Moreover, 4-AP, 4-AP+EPI, or 4-AP+BCA normalized both MAP and HR and increased survival. All sensitized rats treated with 4-AP alone or with 4-AP+BCA survived. The time-integrated MAP \u201carea under the curve\u201d was significantly higher after combined 4-AP treatment with ICSE. Metabolic acidosis was not rescued and NO, ICSE, and Kv inhibitors differentially alter oxidative stress and plasma levels of anaphylactic mediators. The AS-induced reduction of serum angiotensin II levels was prevented by 4-AP treatment alone or in combination with other drugs. Further, 4-AP treatment combined with EPI or with BCA also increased serum PGF2\u03b1, whereas only the 4-AP+EPI combination increased serum LTB4. Serum vasopressin and angiotensin II levels were increased by 4-AP treatment alone or in combination with other drugs. Moreover, 4-AP alone and in combination with inhibition of cystathionine \u03b3-lyase or EPI normalizes BP, increases serum vasoconstrictor levels, and improves survival in the Wistar rat model of AS. These findings suggest possible investigative treatment pathways for research into epinephrine-refractory anaphylactic shock in patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11101455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T00:07:43Z","timestamp":1665187663000},"page":"1455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Combined Treatment with KV Channel Inhibitor 4-Aminopyridine and either \u03b3-Cystathionine Lyase Inhibitor \u03b2-Cyanoalanine or Epinephrine Restores Blood Pressure, and Improves Survival in the Wistar Rat Model of Anaphylactic Shock"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3457-5585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelouahab","family":"Bellou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sciences in Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nacira","family":"Sennoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Team Cytokines and Nitric Oxide Synthases, Faculty of Biology, University HouariBoumediene USTHB, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers 1611, Algeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5200-9048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elhadi H.","family":"Aburawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1593-0668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard L.","family":"Jayaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6228-2512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seth L.","family":"Alper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Vascular Biology Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1639-9656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim Abdallah","family":"Alfaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytics in the Digital Era, UAE University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5867-2833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javed","family":"Yasin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Subramanian","family":"Sekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renaissance LLC, Lakewood, NJ 08701, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Shafiuallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suhail","family":"Al-Salam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0699-1015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abderrahim","family":"Nemmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elsadig","family":"Kazzam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul Michel","family":"Mertes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00f4le Anesth\u00e9sie, R\u00e9animation Chirurgicale, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67200 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine de Strasbourg, FMTS (F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de M\u00e9decine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), Institut de Physiologie, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, UR 3072, 67200 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suleiman","family":"Al-Hammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences (MBRU), Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.12.980","article-title":"Overview of the immune response","volume":"125","author":"Chaplin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e185630","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.5630","article-title":"Prevalence and severity of food allergies among US adults","volume":"2","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-015-2105-x","article-title":"Sugammadex and rocuronium-induced anaphylaxis","volume":"30","author":"Takazawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anesth."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1985.tb10785.x","article-title":"Anaphylactoid reactions during anaesthesia: Seven years\u2019 experience of intradermal testing","volume":"40","author":"Galletly","year":"1985","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2014.12.016","article-title":"Incidence of suspected perioperative anaphylaxis: A multicenter snapshot study","volume":"3","author":"Savic","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet117","article-title":"Survival from perioperative anaphylaxis in Western Australia 2000\u20132009","volume":"111","author":"Gibbs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"S14","article-title":"The Thai Anesthesia Incidents Study (THAI Study) of anesthetic outcomes: II. Anesthetic profiles and adverse events","volume":"88","author":"Charuluxananan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Med. Assoc. Thail. Chotmaihet Thangphaet"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"286","article-title":"Prospective epidemiologic study of perioperative anaphylactoid reactions occurring in Catalonia (1996-7)","volume":"49","author":"Escolano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Anestesiol. Reanim."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"1664","article-title":"The epidemiology and clinical features of anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions in the perioperative period in Japan. Masui","volume":"41","author":"Mitsuhata","year":"1992","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Anesthesiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01716963","article-title":"Adverse reactions to intravenous agents in anaesthesia in France","volume":"60","author":"Laxenaire","year":"1982","journal-title":"Klin. Wochenschr."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1985.tb11009.x","article-title":"Adverse anaesthetic reactions: An update from a proposed national reporting and advisory service","volume":"40","author":"Watkins","year":"1985","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12855","article-title":"Anaesthetic hypersensitivity reactions in France between 2011 and 2012: The 10th GERAP epidemiologic survey","volume":"61","author":"Tacquard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"868","article-title":"Hypersensitivity reactions during anesthesia. Results from the ninth French survey (2005\u20132007)","volume":"78","author":"Dong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"525","article-title":"Local and general anesthetics immediate hypersensitivity reactions","volume":"34","author":"Volcheck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunol. Allergy Clin."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2016.02.024","article-title":"Epidemiology of perioperative anaphylaxis","volume":"45","author":"Mertes","year":"2016","journal-title":"La Presse M\u00e9dicale"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X8100900304","article-title":"The epidemiology and clinical features of anaphylactic reactions in anaesthesia","volume":"9","author":"Fisher","year":"1981","journal-title":"Anaesth. Intensive Care"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.04.014","article-title":"Anaesthesia, surgery, and life-threatening allergic reactions: Epidemiology and clinical features of perioperative anaphylaxis in the 6th National Audit Project (NAP6)","volume":"121","author":"Harper","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12426","article-title":"Fatal anaphylaxis with neuromuscular blocking agents: A risk factor and management analysis","volume":"69","author":"Reitter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000082993.84883.7D","article-title":"Anaphylaxis during the perioperative period","volume":"97","author":"Hepner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318218119d","article-title":"Treatment with epinephrine (adrenaline) in suspected anaphylaxis during anesthesia in Denmark","volume":"115","author":"Garvey","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Anesthesiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.04.044","article-title":"Management of suspected immediate perioperative allergic reactions: An international overview and consensus recommendations","volume":"123","author":"Garvey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03714.x","article-title":"Allergy and the cardiovascular system","volume":"153","author":"Triggiani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e3281f8290c","article-title":"What is anaphylaxis?","volume":"7","author":"Golden","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1080\/00313020600820831","article-title":"Anaphylactic deaths in Auckland, New Zealand: A review of coronial autopsies from 1985 to 2005","volume":"38","author":"Low","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0b013e3283557a63","article-title":"Anaphylaxis","volume":"18","author":"Bellou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-2026.2003.00472.x","article-title":"Spectrum of acute allergic diseases in an emergency department: An evaluation of one years\u2019 experience","volume":"15","author":"Bellou","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.06.015","article-title":"Anaphylaxis: Clinical patterns, mediator release, and severity","volume":"132","author":"Brown","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12475","article-title":"First European data from the network of severe allergic reactions (NORA)","volume":"69","author":"Worm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01193","article-title":"Mechanisms, cofactors, and augmenting factors involved in anaphylaxis","volume":"8","author":"Pascal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2010.03.001","article-title":"NO synthase: Structures and mechanisms","volume":"23","author":"Daff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1997.6878","article-title":"The possible role of hydrogen sulfide as an endogenous smooth muscle relaxant in synergy with nitric oxide","volume":"237","author":"Hosoki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2014.02.129","article-title":"H2S relaxes isolated human airway smooth muscle cells via the sarcolemmal KATP channel","volume":"446","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9161","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1202916109","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide are mutually dependent in the regulation of angiogenesis and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation","volume":"109","author":"Coletta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768607","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/768607","article-title":"The cardioprotective actions of hydrogen sulfide in acute myocardial infarction and heart failure","volume":"2014","author":"Polhemus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scientifica"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-6270fje","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide is an endogenous modulator of leukocyte-mediated inflammation","volume":"20","author":"Zanardo","year":"2006","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.10.031","article-title":"Glyburide, a K+ ATP channel blocker, improves hypotension and survival in anaphylactic shock induced in Wistar rats sensitized to ovalbumin","volume":"720","author":"Dhanasekaran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1082","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001822","article-title":"4-Aminopyridine, a blocker of Voltage-dependent K+ channels, restores blood pressure and improves survival in the Wistar rat model of anaphylactic shock","volume":"44","author":"Bellou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C799","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1995.268.4.C799","article-title":"Physiological roles and properties of potassium channels in arterial smooth muscle","volume":"268","author":"Nelson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-010-0819-z","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction and blood pressure alterations in K+-channel transgenic mice","volume":"459","author":"Ruth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch.-Eur. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1989.sp017623","article-title":"A voltage-dependent outward current with fast kinetics in single smooth muscle cells isolated from rabbit portal vein","volume":"412","author":"Beech","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2017.10.010","article-title":"The mechanism of action and role of hydrogen sulfide in the control of vascular tone","volume":"81","author":"Dongo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2015.07.032","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide inhalation ameliorates allergen induced airway hypereactivity by modulating mast cell activation","volume":"100","author":"Roviezzo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12171","article-title":"Selectivity of commonly used pharmacological inhibitors for cystathionine \u03b2 synthase (CBS) and cystathionine \u03b3 lyase (CSE)","volume":"169","author":"Asimakopoulou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh163","article-title":"Physiology of the endothelium","volume":"93","author":"Galley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-2102-1","article-title":"Definitions and pathophysiology of vasoplegic shock","volume":"22","author":"Lambden","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7221","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.533638","article-title":"Calcium efflux activity of plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase-4 (PMCA4) mediates cell cycle progression in vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"289","author":"Afroze","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"419","article-title":"Effect of m-calpain in PKC\u03b1-mediated proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by low dose of ouabain","volume":"50","author":"Shaikh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1080\/19336950.2019.1688910","article-title":"Elementary calcium signaling in arterial smooth muscle","volume":"13","author":"Fan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Channels"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1080\/10739680600618843","article-title":"\u03b1-Adrenergic control of skeletal muscle circulation at rest and during exercise in aging humans","volume":"13","author":"Dinenno","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S162","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-200211001-00017","article-title":"Molecular pathophysiology of myofiber injury in deficiencies of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex","volume":"81","author":"Petrof","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318180bc41","article-title":"Recent advances in baroreflex control of blood pressure during exercise in humans: An overview","volume":"40","author":"Raven","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sport. Exerc."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.83.2.382","article-title":"Vascular smooth muscle. A review of the molecular basis of contractility","volume":"83","author":"Hathaway","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/288373a0","article-title":"The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine","volume":"288","author":"Furchgott","year":"1980","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(99)00094-2","article-title":"Signal transduction of eNOS activation","volume":"43","author":"Fleming","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)91013-1","article-title":"Effects of endothelium-derived nitric oxide on peripheral arteriolar tone in man","volume":"334","author":"Vallance","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"109","article-title":"Nitric oxide: Physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology","volume":"43","author":"Moncada","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pharm. Rev."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2728(99)00024-9","article-title":"Guanylate cyclase and the\u22c5 NO\/cGMP signaling pathway","volume":"1411","author":"Denninger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Bioenerg."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"139","article-title":"Mechanisms of vascular hyporesponsiveness in septic shock","volume":"11","author":"Kimmoun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(03)01086-6","article-title":"Rapid increase in endothelial nitric oxide production by bradykinin is mediated by protein kinase A signaling pathway","volume":"306","author":"Bae","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5179","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.7.5179","article-title":"Endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (type III) is activated and becomes calcium independent upon phosphorylation by cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases","volume":"275","author":"Butt","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V1281706","article-title":"Angiotensin II and prostaglandin interactions on systemic and renal effects of L-NAME in humans","volume":"12","author":"Perinotto","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6348","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.14.6348","article-title":"Endothelial nitric oxide synthase: Molecular cloning and characterization of a distinct constitutive enzyme isoform","volume":"89","author":"Lamas","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1097\/00024382-199508000-00011","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthase inhibition is detrimental to cardiac function and promotes bronchospasm in anaphylaxis in rabbits","volume":"4","author":"Mitsuhata","year":"1995","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI25426","article-title":"Anaphylactic shock depends on PI3K and eNOS-derived NO","volume":"116","author":"Cauwels","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.07.026","article-title":"Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 protects against anaphylactic shock through suppression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in mice","volume":"132","author":"Cui","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/00024382-200301000-00014","article-title":"Constitutive nitric oxide synthase inhibition combined with histamine and serotonin receptor blockade improves the initial ovalbumin-induced arterial hypotension but decreases the survival time in brown norway rats anaphylactic shock","volume":"19","author":"Bellou","year":"2003","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000388494.58707.0f","article-title":"Effect of nuclear factor kappa B inhibition on L-NAME-induced hypertension and cardiovascular remodelling","volume":"28","author":"Vrankova","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laukevi\u010dien\u0117, A., Ugin\u010dius, P., Korotkich, I., La\u017eauskas, R., and K\u0117velaitis, E. (2010). Anaphylaxis of small arteries: Putative role of nitric oxide and prostanoids. Medicina, 46.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina46010007"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Salam, S., Aburawi, E.H., Al-Hammadi, S., Dhanasekaran, S., Shafiuallah, M., Yasin, J., Sudhadevi, M., Awwad, A., Alper, S.L., and Kazzam, E.E. (2019). Cellular and Immunohistochemical Changes in Anaphylactic Shock Induced in the Ovalbumin-Sensitized Wistar Rat Model. Biomolecules, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9030101"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sonnweber, T., Pizzini, A., Nairz, M., Weiss, G., and Tancevski, I. (2018). Arachidonic acid metabolites in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19113285"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.115.010652","article-title":"Mechanisms of vascular smooth muscle contraction and the basis for pharmacologic treatment of smooth muscle disorders","volume":"68","author":"Brozovich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.2332\/allergolint.08-RAI-0019","article-title":"The role of leukotriene B4 in allergic diseases","volume":"57","author":"Ohnishi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Allergol. Int."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.221","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide: A new EDRF","volume":"76","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1999.1915","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide induces cyclic AMP and modulates the NMDA receptor","volume":"267","author":"Kimura","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2010.04.004","article-title":"4-aminopyridine-sensitive K+ channels contributes to NaHS-induced membrane hyperpolarization and relaxation in the rat coronary artery","volume":"53","author":"Wong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12424","article-title":"K V7 channels are involved in hypoxia-induced vasodilatation of porcine coronary arteries","volume":"171","author":"Hedegaard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706014","article-title":"Role of hydrogen sulphide in haemorrhagic shock in the rat: Protective effect of inhibitors of hydrogen sulphide biosynthesis","volume":"143","author":"Mok","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12369","article-title":"Regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetic function by hydrogen sulfide. Part I. Biochemical and physiological mechanisms","volume":"171","author":"Szabo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6043038","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6043038","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide and cellular redox homeostasis","volume":"2016","author":"Xie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1995.1228","article-title":"Interaction of Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase with hydrogen sulfide","volume":"318","author":"Searcy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2008.11.018","article-title":"Supression of hemin-mediated oxidation of low-density lipoprotein and subsequent endothelial reactions by hydrogen sulfide (H2S)","volume":"46","author":"Jeney","year":"2009","journal-title":"Free. Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, C., Kan, J., Liu, X., Ma, F., Tran, B.H., Zou, Y., Wang, S., and Zhu, Y.Z. (2013). Cardioprotective effects of a novel hydrogen sulfide agent\u2013controlled release formulation of s-propargyl-cysteine on heart failure rats and molecular mechanisms. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069205"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760701263265","article-title":"Hydrogen sulphide: A novel physiological inhibitor of LDL atherogenic modification by HOCl","volume":"41","author":"Laggner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Free. Radic. Res."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2014.03.012","article-title":"Angiotensin II and vasopressin are involved in the defense system against anaphylactic hypotension in anesthetized rats","volume":"731","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F433","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.1999.276.3.F433","article-title":"AVP inhibits LPS-and IL-1\u03b2-stimulated NO and cGMP via V1 receptor in cultured rat mesangial cells","volume":"276","author":"Umino","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701397","article-title":"Potentiation by vasopressin of adrenergic vasoconstriction in the rat isolated mesenteric artery","volume":"122","author":"Noguera","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F498","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.1998.274.3.F498","article-title":"ANG II and vasopressin stimulate calcium entry in dispersed smooth muscle cells of preglomerular arterioles","volume":"274","author":"Iversen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H491","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1992.263.2.H491","article-title":"Vasopressin modulates K+-channel activities of cultured smooth muscle cells from porcine coronary artery","volume":"263","author":"Wakatsuki","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.23.2.217","article-title":"Inhibition of vasopressin action in vascular smooth muscle by the V1 antagonist OPC-21268","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2480","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.281.6.H2480","article-title":"Angiotensin II inhibits and alters kinetics of voltage-gated K+ channels of rat arterial smooth muscle","volume":"281","author":"Hayabuchi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16645","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)37439-8","article-title":"Identification and characterization of a hormonally regulated form of phospholipase A2 in rat renal mesangial cells","volume":"263","author":"Gronich","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02544033","article-title":"Vasopressin stimulates phospholipase D activity against phosphatidylcholine in vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"25","author":"Welsh","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17069","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)71460-9","article-title":"Phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis by phospholipase D determines phosphatidate and diglyceride levels in chemotactic peptide-stimulated human neutrophils: Involvement of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase in signal transduction","volume":"264","author":"Billah","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1704154","article-title":"Angiotensin II for the treatment of vasodilatory shock","volume":"377","author":"Khanna","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H434","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1989.257.2.H434","article-title":"Selective inhibition of angiotensin II-mediated vasoconstriction by lipoxygenase blockade","volume":"257","author":"Stern","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(00)00112-7","article-title":"Angiotensin II-induced contractions in human internal mammary artery: Effects of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibition","volume":"47","author":"Devillier","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(00)00238-8","article-title":"Cysteinyl leukotrienes are involved in angiotensin II-induced contraction of aorta from spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"49","author":"Devillier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H342","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.281.1.H342","article-title":"Cysteinyl leukotrienes mediate enhanced vasoconstriction to angiotensin II but not endothelin-1 in SHR","volume":"281","author":"Shastri","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_99","first-page":"379","article-title":"Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in a mouse model of anaphylaxis","volume":"17","author":"Sade","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Investig. Allergol. Clin. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-7737\/11\/10\/1455\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:46:09Z","timestamp":1760143569000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-7737\/11\/10\/1455"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["biology11101455"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology11101455","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-7737"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-7737","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]]}}}