{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T04:06:46Z","timestamp":1793678806766,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]],"date-time":"2022-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities of the Spanish Government","award":["FPU18\/04689"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU18\/04689"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities of the Spanish Government","award":["CB12\/03\/30038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB12\/03\/30038"]}]},{"name":"Programme of Promotion of Biomedical Research and Health Sciences, Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["FPU18\/04689"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU18\/04689"]}]},{"name":"Programme of Promotion of Biomedical Research and Health Sciences, Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["CB12\/03\/30038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB12\/03\/30038"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The global distribution and presence of plastic, at all levels of the water column, has made plastic debris one of today\u2019s greatest environmental challenges. The ingestion and entanglement of plastic-containing marine debris has been documented in more than 60% of all cetacean species. In light of the increasing pressure on cetaceans, and the diversity of factors that they face, the aim of this work is to provide evidence of the impact of plastic debris on stranded cetaceans, in terms of ingestion and entanglement, in the Balearic Islands for the first-time. Detailed examinations, necropsies, and plastic debris analysis were performed on 30 of the 108 cetaceans stranded between 2019 and 2022. Specimens belonging to five different species, Stenella coeruleoalba, Tursiops truncatus, Grampus griseus, Balaenoptera physalus, and Physeter macrocephalus, were evaluated. Ten percent of the cetaceans (N = 3) presented plastic debris in their stomach, with one case of obstruction and perforation. Fishery gear fragments (ropes and nets) were found in two adults of T. truncatus, whereas packaging debris (plastic bag, packing straps, and plastic sheets) were found in a juvenile P. macrocephalus. Plastic items analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) reported three polymer types: polypropylene, polyamide, and high-density polypropylene. A total of seven cases of entanglement were recorded during the study, affecting four different species (S. coeruleoalba, T. truncatus, P. macrocephalus, and Megaptera novaeangliae). Only two individuals were freed from the nets, although one died after a week, whereas the rest were already found dead. In conclusion, data collected in the present study provided evidence of plastic ingestion and entanglement in cetaceans of the Balearic Islands for the first-time, thus highlighting the need for the regular examination of stranded cetaceans (as they are top predators) in future research to better understand the effects of these pollutants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11101468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T00:07:43Z","timestamp":1665187663000},"page":"1468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Evaluating the Presence of Marine Litter in Cetaceans Stranded in the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean Sea)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ant\u00f2nia","family":"Solomando","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisca","family":"Pujol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palma Aquarium Foundation, Carrer Manuela de los Herreros i Sor\u00e0 21, E-07610 Palma de Mallorca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8656-6838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoni","family":"Sureda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain"},{"name":"Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), E-28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Pinya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2019.01.018","article-title":"Tools and constraints in monitoring interactions between marine litter and megafauna: Insights from case studies around the world","volume":"141","author":"Claro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mar. 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