{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T08:24:55Z","timestamp":1778919895362,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,26]],"date-time":"2022-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation","award":["32072955"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072955"]}]},{"name":"Taishan Scholar Climbing Project Fund of Shandong","award":["32072955"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072955"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) has a ZZ\/ZW sex determination system, but the genotypic female (ZW) can be sex-reversed into phenotypic males, namely, pseudomales. Pseudomale fish can produce only Z-type sperm but not W sperm. However, the molecular mechanism is unclear. To screen the key genes involved in pseudomale sperm abnormalities, we analysed the transcriptomic profiles of pseudomale and male sperm. In comparison to male sperm, 592 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in pseudomale sperm, including 499 upregulated and 93 downregulated genes. KEGG analysis indicated that the FoxO signalling pathway, especially the foxo3a and foxo6-like genes, may play an important role in spermatogenesis. The DEGs were mainly distributed on sex chromosomes, with 158 downregulated genes on the Z chromosome and 41 upregulated genes on the W chromosome. A specific area (14\u201315 M) on the Z chromosome was identified, which enriched eight DEGs inside the ~1 M region. In addition, there were five gene alleles on the sex chromosomes, which showed the opposite transcription pattern (upregulated for the W allele, downregulated for the Z allele). This study has provided valuable data for screening candidate genes involved in the pseudomale sperm abnormality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11121716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T03:28:49Z","timestamp":1669606129000},"page":"1716","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed Candidate Genes Involved in Pseudomale Sperm Abnormalities in Chinese Tongue Sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yuxuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8827-9186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongkai","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengqian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2135-090X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Na","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiwen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3887-9973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenteng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10126-008-9139-0","article-title":"Artificial Gynogenesis and Sex Determination in Half-Smooth Tongue Sole (Cynoglossus 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