{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T15:11:23Z","timestamp":1780499483409,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kazan Federal University Strategic Academic Leadership Program","award":["PRIORITY-2030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIORITY-2030"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious neurological condition that causes severe disability. One of the approaches to overcoming the complications of SCI is stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle (EV) therapy. In this research, we performed a comparative evaluation of rat spinal cord post-traumatic regeneration efficacy using different methods of mesenchymal stem cell-derived EV transplantation (local vs. systemic) followed by evaluation of their minimal therapeutic dose. The results suggested that MSC-EV therapy could improve locomotor activity over 60 days after the SCI, showing a dose-dependent effect on the recovery of spinal cord motor pathways. We also established the possibility of maintaining a population of mature oligodendrocytes by MSC-EVs. It was observed that in the spinal cord injury area, intravenous transplantation of MSC-EVs showed more pronounced therapeutic effects compared to the treatment of fibrin matrix-encapsulated MSC-EVs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11121853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T08:41:41Z","timestamp":1671439301000},"page":"1853","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A Comparative Study of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles\u2019 Local and Systemic Dose-Dependent Administration in Rat Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Kostennikov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Research for Precision and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilyas","family":"Kabdesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Research for Precision and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davran","family":"Sabirov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Research for Precision and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Timofeeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Research for Precision and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Rogozhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Research for Precision and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kazan State Medical Academy\u2014Branch Campus of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Father Professional Education, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, 420012 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilya","family":"Shulman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgical Department No. 2, Republic Clinical Hospital, 420138 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9427-5739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert","family":"Rizvanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Research for Precision and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9435-340X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yana","family":"Mukhamedshina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Research for Precision and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2004.21.1355","article-title":"A Global Perspective on Spinal Cord Injury Epidemiology","volume":"21","author":"Ackery","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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