{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:51:02Z","timestamp":1787165462095,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Science Fund of Bulgaria","award":["KII-06 H31\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KII-06 H31\/2"]}]},{"name":"the National Science Fund of Bulgaria","award":["PRG1076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRG1076"]}]},{"name":"the National Science Fund of Bulgaria","award":["EU952516"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EU952516"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002301","name":"the Estonian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KII-06 H31\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KII-06 H31\/2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002301","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002301","name":"the Estonian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRG1076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRG1076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002301","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002301","name":"the Estonian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EU952516"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EU952516"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002301","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Horizon 2020 innovation grant","award":["KII-06 H31\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KII-06 H31\/2"]}]},{"name":"Horizon 2020 innovation grant","award":["PRG1076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRG1076"]}]},{"name":"Horizon 2020 innovation grant","award":["EU952516"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EU952516"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The human endometrium is a highly dynamic tissue. Increasing evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRs) play essential roles in human endometrium development. Our previous assay, based on small RNA-sequencing (sRNA-seq) indicated the complexity and dynamics of numerous sequence variants of miRs (isomiRs) that can act together to control genes of functional relevance to the receptive endometrium (RE). Here, we used a greater average depth of sRNA-seq to detect poorly expressed small RNAs. The sequencing data confirmed the up-regulation of miR-449c and uncovered other members of the miR-449 family up-regulated in RE\u2014among them miR-449a, as well as several isoforms of both miR-449a and miR-449c, while the third family member, miR-449b, was not identified. Stem-looped RT-qPCR analysis of miR expression at four-time points of the endometrial cycle verified the increased expression of the miR-449a\/c family members in RE, among which the 5\u2032 isoform of miR-449c\u2013miR-449c.1 was the most strongly up-regulated. Moreover, we found in a case study that the expression of miR-449c.1 and its precursor correlated with the histological assessment of the endometrial phase and patient age. We believe this study will promote the clinical investigation and application of the miR-449 family in the diagnosis and prognosis of human reproductive diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12010055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T02:56:50Z","timestamp":1672282610000},"page":"55","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Dynamics of miR-449a\/c Expression during Uterine Cycles Are Associated with Endometrial Development"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mladen","family":"Naydenov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1034-2189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Nikolova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Center for Women\u2019s Health, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apostol","family":"Apostolov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Competence Centre on Health Technologies, 50406 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilias","family":"Glogovitis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1251-8160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andres","family":"Salumets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Competence Centre on Health Technologies, 50406 Tartu, Estonia"},{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 50406 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5224-9145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vesselin","family":"Baev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galina","family":"Yahubyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2005-0015","article-title":"The Science behind 25 Years of Ovarian Stimulation for in Vitro Fertilization","volume":"27","author":"Macklon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocr. 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