{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T17:52:37Z","timestamp":1792605157667,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":180,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Russian Science Foundation","award":["19-14-00320\u03a0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-14-00320\u03a0"]}]},{"name":"Russian Science Foundation","award":["122042700045-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["122042700045-3"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19-14-00320\u03a0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-14-00320\u03a0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["122042700045-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["122042700045-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In freshwater and marine ecosystems, the phytoplankton community is based on microalgae and cyanobacteria, which include phylogenetically very diverse groups of oxygenic photoautotrophs. In the process of evolution, they developed a wide range of bio(geo)chemical adaptations that allow them to effectively use solar radiation, CO2, and nutrients, as well as major and trace elements, to form O2 and organic compounds with a high chemical bond energy. The inclusion of chemical elements in the key processes of energy and plastic metabolism in the cell is determined by redox conditions and the abundance and metabolic availability of elements in the paleoenvironment. Geochemical evolution, which proceeded simultaneously with the evolution of biosystems, contributed to an increase in the number of metals and trace elements acting as cofactors of enzymes involved in metabolism and maintaining homeostasis in the first photoautotrophs. The diversity of metal-containing enzymes and the adaptive ability to replace one element with another without losing the functional properties of enzymes ensured the high ecological plasticity of species and allowed microalgae and cyanobacteria to successfully colonize a wide variety of habitats. In this review, we consider the main aspects of the modern concepts of the biogeochemical evolution of aquatic ecosystems and the role of some metals in the main bioenergetic processes in photosynthetic prokaryotes and eukaryotes. We present generalized data on the efficiency of the assimilation of key nutrients by phytoplankton and their importance in the cycle of carbon, silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and iron. This article presents modern views on the evolutionary prerequisites for the formation of elemental signatures in different systematic groups of microalgae, as well as the possibility of using the stoichiometric ratio in the study of biological and geochemical processes in aquatic ecosystems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12010092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T07:28:10Z","timestamp":1673249290000},"page":"92","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["The Co-Evolution Aspects of the Biogeochemical Role of Phytoplankton in Aquatic Ecosystems: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2517-4061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolay V.","family":"Lobus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St. 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxim S.","family":"Kulikovskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St. 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-earth-060313-054810","article-title":"Evolution of Oxygenic Photosynthesis","volume":"44","author":"Fischer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-arplant-042110-103811","article-title":"Evolution of Photosynthesis","volume":"62","author":"Blankenship","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msh075","article-title":"A Molecular Timeline for the Origin of Photosynthetic Eukaryotes","volume":"21","author":"Yoon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1023\/B:PRES.0000030457.06495.83","article-title":"Thinking About the Evolution of Photosynthesis","volume":"80","author":"Olson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Photosynth. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2745.12438","article-title":"Global biogeochemical impacts of phytoplankton: A trait-based perspective","volume":"103","author":"Litchman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5374.237","article-title":"Primary Production of the Biosphere: Integrating Terrestrial and Oceanic Components","volume":"281","author":"Field","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00014586","article-title":"The role of phytoplankton photosynthesis in global biogeochemical cycles","volume":"39","author":"Falkowski","year":"1994","journal-title":"Photosynth. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Castellani, C., and Edward, M. (2017). Phytoplankton Biogeochemical Cycles, Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1083545","article-title":"The Biogeochemical Cycles of Trace Metals in the Oceans","volume":"300","author":"Morel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"113","article-title":"Marine Bioinorganic Chemistry: The Role of Trace Metals in the Oceanic Cycles of Major Nutrients","volume":"Volume 6","author":"Holland","year":"2003","journal-title":"Treatise on Geochemistry"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sunda, W.G. (1994). Trace Metal\/Phytoplankton Interactions in the Sea. Chemistry of Aquatic Systems: Local and Global Perspectives, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-1024-4_9"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/0079-6611(86)90032-7","article-title":"Role of large particles in the transport of elements and organic compounds through the oceanic water column","volume":"16","author":"Fowler","year":"1986","journal-title":"Prog. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/0079-6611(84)90008-9","article-title":"The trace element geochemistry of marine biogenic particulate matter","volume":"13","author":"Collier","year":"1984","journal-title":"Prog. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Leonova, G.A., and Bobrov, V.A. (2012). Geochemical Role of Plankton of Continental Water Bodies in Siberian in Concentration and Biosedimentation of Microelements, Geo."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1357\/0022240933223774","article-title":"Release rates of trace elements and protein from decomposing planktonic debris. 1. Phytoplankton debris","volume":"51","author":"Lee","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Mar. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1995.40.5.0989","article-title":"Copepod grazing and the biogeochemical fate of diatom iron","volume":"40","author":"Hutchins","year":"1995","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3354\/meps194211","article-title":"Trace metals in marine copepods:a field test of a bioaccumulation model coupled to laboratory uptake kinetics data","volume":"194","author":"Fisher","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lobus, N.V., Kulikovskiy, M.S., and Maltsev, Y.I. (2021). Multi-Element Composition of Diatom Chaetoceros spp. from Natural Phytoplankton Assemblages of the Russian Arctic Seas. Biology, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10101009"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bidoglio, G., and Stumm, W. (1994). Chemistry of Aquatic Systems: Local and Global Perspectives, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-1024-4"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-earth-053018-060108","article-title":"Trace Metal Substitution in Marine Phytoplankton","volume":"48","author":"Morel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-020-00116-w","article-title":"Evolution of the structure and impact of Earth\u2019s biosphere","volume":"2","author":"Planavsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Earth Environ."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lobus, N.V. (2022). Biogeochemical Role of Algae in Aquatic Ecosystems: Basic Research and Applied Biotechnology. J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse10121846"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2016.10.013","article-title":"Trace elements at the intersection of marine biological and geochemical evolution","volume":"163","author":"Robbins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Earth-Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1069651","article-title":"Proterozoic Ocean Chemistry and Evolution: A Bioinorganic Bridge?","volume":"297","author":"Anbar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morel, F.M.M., Milligan, A.J., and Saito, M.A. (2013). Marine Bioinorganic Chemistry: The Role of Trace Metals in the Oceanic Cycles of Major Nutrients. Treatise on Geochemistry, Elsevier. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-095975-7.00605-7"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.2003.3152","article-title":"Evolution was Chemically Constrained","volume":"220","author":"Williams","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rn, L.O. (2015). Govindjee The evolution of photosynthesis and its environmental impact. Photobiology: The Science of Light and Life, Springer. [3rd ed.].","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-1468-5_16"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/0079-6107(92)90022-X","article-title":"Groundworks for an evolutionary biochemistry: The iron-sulphur world","volume":"58","year":"1992","journal-title":"Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Williams, R.J., and Fra\u00fasto da Silva, J.J. (2006). The Chemistry of Evolution: The Development of Our Ecosystem, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2113263118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2113263118","article-title":"Geologic controls on phytoplankton elemental composition","volume":"119","author":"Sharoni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s11084-015-9442-5","article-title":"Manganese and the Evolution of Photosynthesis","volume":"45","author":"Fischer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Orig. Life Evol. Biosph."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frausto da Silva, J.J.R., and Williams, R.J.P. (2001). The Biological Chemistry of the Elements: The Inorganic Chemistry of Life, Oxford University Press. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198508472.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1163100","article-title":"Elements and Evolution","volume":"322","author":"Anbar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wefer, G., Lamy, F., and Mantoura, F. (2003). Coupled Biogeochemical Cycling and Controlling Factors. Marine Science Frontiers for Europe, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-55862-7"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Baar, H.J.W., and La Roche, J. (2003). Trace Metals in the Oceans: Evolution, Biology and Global Change. Marine Science Frontiers for Europe, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-55862-7_6"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(98)00226-5","article-title":"Processes regulating cellular metal accumulation and physiological effects: Phytoplankton as model systems","volume":"219","author":"Sunda","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-3646.2003.03-090.x","article-title":"The elemental composition of some marine phytoplankton","volume":"39","author":"Ho","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-marine-121211-172322","article-title":"The Trace Metal Composition of Marine Phytoplankton","volume":"5","author":"Twining","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006282714942","article-title":"The role of trace metals in photosynthetic electron transport in O2-evolving organisms","volume":"60","author":"Raven","year":"1999","journal-title":"Photosynth. Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fox, J.M., and Zimba, P.V. (2018). Minerals and Trace Elements in Microalgae. Microalgae in Health and Disease Prevention, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-811405-6.00008-6"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2017.06.005","article-title":"Regulating cellular trace metal economy in algae","volume":"39","author":"Merchant","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.48.1.641","article-title":"Structure and membrane organization of Photosystem II in green plants","volume":"48","author":"Hankamer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1758-2229.2010.00187.x","article-title":"Quantification of nitrogenase in Trichodesmium IMS 101: Implications for iron limitation of nitrogen fixation in the ocean","volume":"3","author":"Whittaker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stal, L.J. (2015). Nitrogen Fixation in Cyanobacteria. eLS, 1\u20139.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470015902.a0021159.pub2"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5316.1221","article-title":"Trichodesmium, a Globally Significant Marine Cyanobacterium","volume":"276","author":"Capone","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.31.100177.001301","article-title":"Phototrophic prokaryotes: The cyanobacteria","volume":"31","author":"Stanier","year":"1977","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2008.01.001","article-title":"Structure and function of Rubisco","volume":"46","author":"Andersson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2011.0145","article-title":"Adaptive signals in algal Rubisco reveal a history of ancient atmospheric carbon dioxide","volume":"367","author":"Young","year":"2012","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1134\/S0006350914020092","article-title":"Zinc essentiality and toxicity. Biophysical aspects","volume":"59","author":"Harmaza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biophysics"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17822","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605798103","article-title":"Modern proteomes contain putative imprints of ancient shifts in trace metal geochemistry","volume":"103","author":"Dupont","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1021\/ar900015x","article-title":"Metalloproteomes: A bioinformatic approach","volume":"42","author":"Andreini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8817.2005.00086.x","article-title":"The role and evolution of superoxide dismutases in algae","volume":"41","author":"Grzebyk","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2004.49.5.1774","article-title":"A role for manganese in superoxide dismutases and growth of iron-deficient diatoms","volume":"49","author":"Peers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.1.5.736-757.2002","article-title":"Copper-dependent iron assimilation pathway in the model photosynthetic eukaryote Chlamydomonas reinhardtii","volume":"1","author":"Quinn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eukaryot. Cell"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2006.51.4.1729","article-title":"Copper-dependent iron transport in coastal and oceanic diatoms","volume":"51","author":"Maldonado","year":"2006","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4627","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.090091397","article-title":"A biological function for cadmium in marine diatoms","volume":"97","author":"Lane","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2007.52.5.2294","article-title":"Zinc, cadmium, and cobalt interreplacement and relative use efficiencies in the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi","volume":"52","author":"Xu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"509","article-title":"Cadmium in marine phytoplankton","volume":"Volume 11","author":"Sigel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cadmium: From Toxicity to Essentiality"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04630","article-title":"Copper-containing plastocyanin used for electron transport by an oceanic diatom","volume":"441","author":"Peers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02954","article-title":"Photosynthetic architecture differs in coastal and oceanic diatoms","volume":"431","author":"Strzepek","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1080\/15216540701258744","article-title":"Stress-inducible flavodoxin from photosynthetic microorganisms. The mystery of flavodoxin loss from the plant genome","volume":"59","author":"Zurbriggen","year":"2007","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Romankevich, E.A., and Vetrov, A.A. (2021). Carbon in the World Ocean, GEOS."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lobus, N.V., Glushchenko, A.M., Osadchiev, A.A., Maltsev, Y.I., Kapustin, D.A., Konovalova, O.P., Kulikovskiy, M.S., Krylov, I.N., and Drozdova, A.N. (2022). Production of Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter by Microalgae Strains from the Ob and Yenisei Gulfs (Siberia). Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11233361"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Basu, S., and Mackey, K. (2018). Phytoplankton as Key Mediators of the Biological Carbon Pump: Their Responses to a Changing Climate. Sustainability, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/su10030869"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00634","article-title":"Pathways of Organic Carbon Downward Transport by the Oceanic Biological Carbon Pump","volume":"6","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1039\/c3pp50418b","article-title":"Productivity of aquatic primary producers under global climate change","volume":"13","author":"Helbling","year":"2014","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6506","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1711842115","article-title":"The biomass distribution on Earth","volume":"115","author":"Phillips","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drozdova, A.N., Nedospasov, A.A., Lobus, N.V., Patsaeva, S.V., and Shchuka, S.A. (2021). CDOM Optical Properties and DOC Content in the Largest Mixing Zones of the Siberian Shelf Seas. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13061145"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1134\/S0016702913060062","article-title":"Masses of carbon in the Earth\u2019s hydrosphere","volume":"51","author":"Romankevich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geochem. Int."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romankevich, E. (1984). Geochemistry of Organic Matter in the Ocean, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-49964-7"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vincent, F., and Bowler, C. (2020). Diatoms Are Selective Segregators in Global Ocean Planktonic Communities. mSystems, 5.","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00444-19"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1516","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1509523113","article-title":"Insights into global diatom distribution and diversity in the world\u2019s ocean","volume":"113","author":"Malviya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1029\/2018MS001483","article-title":"Coccolithophore Growth and Calcification in an Acidified Ocean: Insights From Community Earth System Model Simulations","volume":"11","author":"Krumhardt","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moore, D. (2022). Coccolithophore Cultivation and Deployment. Aquaculture: Ocean Blue Carbon Meets UN-SDGS, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-94846-7"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wollast, R., and Mackenzie, F.T. (1989). Global Biogeochemical Cycles and Climate. Climate and Geo-Sciences, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-2446-8_26"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smol, J.P., Birks, H.J.B., and Last, W.M. (2002). Biogenic Silica. Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/0-306-47671-1"},{"key":"ref_77","unstructured":"Morris, I. (1980). Silicon. The Physiological Ecology of Phytoplankton, Studies in Ecology, University California Press."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-18-1269-2021","article-title":"Reviews and syntheses: The biogeochemical cycle of silicon in the modern ocean","volume":"18","author":"Sutton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02127","article-title":"High-latitude controls of thermocline nutrients and low latitude biological productivity","volume":"427","author":"Sarmiento","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1093\/plankt\/fbv109","article-title":"Microplankton trace element contents: Implications for mineral limitation of mesozooplankton in an HNLC area","volume":"38","author":"Baines","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Plankton Res."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1989.34.1.0205","article-title":"Differences in silica content between marine and freshwater diatoms","volume":"34","author":"Conley","year":"1989","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(73)90154-3","article-title":"The elemental composition of plankton","volume":"37","author":"Martin","year":"1973","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, W.E.G. (2003). Silicon\u2014A Central Metabolite for Diatom Growth and Morphogenesis. Silicon Biomineralization, Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-55486-5"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1980.25.3.0474","article-title":"Silicon content of five marine plankton diatom species measured with a rapid filter method","volume":"25","author":"Paasche","year":"1980","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.200800811","article-title":"Surface chemical composition of diatoms","volume":"10","author":"Tesson","year":"2009","journal-title":"ChemBioChem"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20190184","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2019.0184","article-title":"Silicified cell walls as a defensive trait in diatoms","volume":"286","author":"Torres","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-3646.1985.00347.x","article-title":"The Si:C:N ratio of marine diatoms: Interspecific variability and the effect of some en-vironmental variables","volume":"21","author":"Brzezinski","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1029\/95GB01070","article-title":"Production and dissolution of biogenic silica in the ocean: Revised global estimates, comparison with regional data and relationship to biogenic sedimentation","volume":"9","author":"Nelson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Global Biogeochem. Cycles"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-marine-121211-172346","article-title":"The World Ocean Silica Cycle","volume":"5","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2020GB006769","DOI":"10.1029\/2020GB006769","article-title":"Global Ocean Sediment Composition and Burial Flux in the Deep Sea","volume":"35","author":"Hayes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Global Biogeochem. Cycles"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1002\/2017GB005746","article-title":"The Missing Silica Sink: Revisiting the Marine Sedimentary Si Cycle Using Cosmogenic 32 Si","volume":"31","author":"Rahman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Global Biogeochem. Cycles"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo1641","article-title":"Significant silicon accumulation by marine picocyanobacteria","volume":"5","author":"Baines","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1111\/jpy.12545","article-title":"Patterns and regulation of silicon accumulation in Synechococcus spp.","volume":"53","author":"Brzezinski","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marchem.2018.08.004","article-title":"The chemical form of silicon in marine Synechococcus","volume":"206","author":"Ohnemus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mar. Chem."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1997.42.4.0774","article-title":"Riverine contribution of biogenic silica to the oceanic silica budget","volume":"42","author":"Conley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00687-z","article-title":"The marine nitrogen cycle: New developments and global change","volume":"20","author":"Hutchins","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_97","first-page":"796","article-title":"Nutrient limitation of phytoplankton in freshwater and marine environments: A review of recent evidence on the effects of enrichment","volume":"33","author":"Hecky","year":"1988","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1021\/cr050377t","article-title":"New developments in the marine nitrogen cycle","volume":"107","author":"Brandes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castellani, C., and Edwards, M. (2017). Plankton and Global Change. Marine Plankton: A Practical Guide to Ecology, Methodology, and Taxonomy, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780199233267.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20130164","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0164","article-title":"The global nitrogen cycle in the twenty-first century","volume":"368","author":"Fowler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.3.1015-1024.2002","article-title":"Nitrogen cycling in the ocean: New perspectives on processes and paradigms","volume":"68","author":"Zehr","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_102","unstructured":"Barsanti, L., and Gualtieri, P. (2014). Algae: Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Biotechnology, CRC Press."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2002.47.4.0989","article-title":"Utilization of different nitrogen sources by the marine cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus","volume":"47","author":"Moore","year":"2002","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_104","unstructured":"Capone, D., Bronk, D., Mulholland, M., and Carpenter, E. (2008). The Marine Nitrogen Cycle: Overview and Challenges. Nitrogen in the Marine Environmen, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-marine-120709-142819","article-title":"Nitrogen Cycle of the Open Ocean: From Genes to Ecosystems","volume":"3","author":"Zehr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.10603.1","article-title":"The cyanobacterial nitrogen fixation paradox in natural waters","volume":"6","author":"Paerl","year":"2017","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"ref_107","first-page":"688","article-title":"Nitrogen fixation in freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems. 2. Biogeochemical controls","volume":"33","author":"Howarth","year":"1988","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_108","first-page":"669","article-title":"Nitrogen fixation in freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems. 1. Rates and importance","volume":"33","author":"Howarth","year":"1988","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2012.00352.x","article-title":"Trichodesmium\u2013a widespread marine cyanobacterium with unusual nitrogen fixation properties","volume":"37","author":"Bergman","year":"2013","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carpenter, E.J., Capone, D.G., and Rueter, J.G. (1992). Oxygen Cycling in Cyanobacteria, with Specific Reference to Oxygen Protection in Trichodesmium spp.. Marine Pelagic Cyanobacteria: Trichodesmium and Other Diazotrophs, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-7977-3"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.3354\/meps185273","article-title":"Extensive bloom of a N2-fixing diatom\/cyanobacterial association in the tropical Atlantic Ocean","volume":"185","author":"Carpenter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20130121","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0121","article-title":"The marine nitrogen cycle: Recent discoveries, uncertainties and the potential relevance of climate change","volume":"368","author":"Voss","year":"2013","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1029\/97GB00077","article-title":"Global patterns of marine nitrogen fixation and denitrification","volume":"11","author":"Gruber","year":"1997","journal-title":"Global Biogeochem. Cycles"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1150369","article-title":"Impacts of atmospheric anthropogenic nitrogen on the open ocean","volume":"320","author":"Duce","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s10533-004-0370-0","article-title":"Nitrogen Cycles: Past, Present, and Future","volume":"70","author":"Galloway","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biogeochemistry"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1186120","article-title":"The Evolution and Future of Earth\u2019s Nitrogen Cycle","volume":"330","author":"Canfield","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20772","article-title":"Evolution of the global phosphorus cycle","volume":"541","author":"Reinhard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2113\/GSELEMENTS.4.2.89","article-title":"The Global Phosphorus Cycle: Past, Present, and Future","volume":"4","author":"Filippelli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Elements"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Falkowski, P.G., and Raven, J.A. (2007). Aquatic Photosynthesis, Princeton University Press. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400849727"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0967026201003456","article-title":"Redfield revisited: Variability of C:N:P in marine microalgae and its biochemical basis","volume":"37","author":"Geider","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_121","unstructured":"Cooper, G.M., and Hausman, R.E. (2007). The Cell: A Molecular Approach, ASM Press."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.2475\/ajs.305.6-8.596","article-title":"Biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus: Insights from oxygen isotope effects of phosphoenzymes","volume":"305","author":"Blake","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Sci."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/jpy.12365","article-title":"Phosphorus physiological ecology and molecular mechanisms in marine phytoplankton","volume":"52","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1038\/22941","article-title":"The relative influences of nitrogen and phosphorus on oceanic primary production","volume":"400","author":"Tyrrell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-8252(00)00018-0","article-title":"The biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus in marine systems","volume":"51","year":"2000","journal-title":"Earth-Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo1765","article-title":"Processes and patterns of oceanic nutrient limitation","volume":"6","author":"Moore","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2541(93)90220-D","article-title":"Reassessment of the oceanic residence time of phosphorus","volume":"107","author":"Ruttenberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chem. Geol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-3646.1987.00137.x","article-title":"Kinetics of nutrient uptake and growth in phytoplankton","volume":"23","author":"Morel","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8817.1973.tb04092.x","article-title":"Some thoughts on nutrient limitation in algae","volume":"9","author":"Droop","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-58444-2_1","article-title":"Inorganic polyphosphate: A molecule of many functions","volume":"23","author":"Kornberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Inorg. Polyphosphates Prog. Mol. Subcell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03125","article-title":"The impact of surface-adsorbed phosphorus on phytoplankton Redfield stoichiometry","volume":"432","author":"Fu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2005.50.5.1459","article-title":"The biological and biogeochemical consequences of phosphate scavenging onto phytoplankton cell surfaces","volume":"50","author":"Fu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2881(05)48011-6","article-title":"The Phosphorus Cycle","volume":"Volume 48","author":"Canfield","year":"2005","journal-title":"Advances in Marine Biology"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(01)00937-8","article-title":"Phosphorus in rivers\u2014Ecology and management","volume":"282\u2013283","author":"Mainstone","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3191","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b05858","article-title":"Water Depth Underpins the Relative Roles and Fates of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Lakes","volume":"54","author":"Qin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.2475\/ajs.304.10.839","article-title":"The evolution of the Earth surface sulfur reservoir","volume":"304","author":"Canfield","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Sci."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hell, R., Dahl, C., Knaff, D., and Leustek, T. (2008). Role of Sulfur for Algae: Acquisition, Metabolism, Ecology and Evolution. Sulfur Metabolism in Phototrophic Organisms, Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-6863-8"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquabot.2014.06.012","article-title":"Nitrogen and sulfur assimilation in plants and algae","volume":"118","author":"Giordano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aquat. Bot."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s11120-005-3250-0","article-title":"Sulfur and primary production in aquatic environments: An ecological perspective","volume":"86","author":"Norici","year":"2005","journal-title":"Photosynth. Res."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hell, R., Dahl, C., Knaff, D., and Leustek, T. (2008). The State of Sulfur Metabolism in Algae: From Ecology to Genomics. Sulfur Metabolism in Phototrophic Organisms, Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-6863-8"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-6863-8_4","article-title":"Metabolism of Cysteine in Plants and Phototrophic Bacteria","volume":"Volume 59","author":"Hell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sulfur Metabolism in Phototrophic Organisms, Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration"},{"key":"ref_142","first-page":"185","article-title":"Sulphur and Algae: Metabolism, Ecology and Evolution","volume":"Volume 6","author":"Borowitzka","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Physiology of Microalgae"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/341245a0","article-title":"Adaptive eradication of methionine and cysteine from cyanobacterial light-harvesting proteins","volume":"341","author":"Mazel","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5421","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M306415200","article-title":"Intimate Evolution of Proteins:Proteome atomic content correlates with genome base composition","volume":"279","author":"Schuerer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1038\/43160","article-title":"A new route for synthesis of dimethylsulphoniopropionate in marine algae","volume":"387","author":"Gage","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2005.01335.x","article-title":"Sulfur and phytoplankton: Acquisition, metabolism and impact on the environment","volume":"166","author":"Giordano","year":"2005","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_147","unstructured":"Uchida, A., Ooguri, T., Ishida, T., Kitaguchi, H., and Ishida, Y. (1996). Osmotic Adjustment in Phytoplankton and MacroAlgae. Biological and Environmental Chemistry of DMSP and Related Sulfonium Compounds, Springer."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-4343(93)90012-M","article-title":"Dimethylsulfide in a large-scale coccolithophore bloom in the Gulf of Maine","volume":"13","author":"Matrai","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cont. Shelf Res."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1021\/es9709076","article-title":"DMS Formation by Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Route in Freshwater","volume":"32","author":"Ginzburg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aab1586","article-title":"Identification of the algal dimethyl sulfide\u2013releasing enzyme: A missing link in the marine sulfur cycle","volume":"348","author":"Alcolombri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-021-00971-3","article-title":"Dimethyl sulfide mediates microbial predator\u2013prey interactions between zooplankton and algae in the ocean","volume":"6","author":"Shemi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(01)02152-8","article-title":"Production of atmospheric sulfur by oceanic plankton: Biogeochemical, ecological and evolutionary links","volume":"16","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26793","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JD900252","article-title":"Flux of dimethylsulfide from the oceans: A comparison of updated data sets and flux models","volume":"105","author":"Kettle","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5335","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-17-5335-2020","article-title":"Global ocean dimethyl sulfide climatology estimated from observations and an artificial neural network","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1038\/326655a0","article-title":"Oceanic phytoplankton, atmospheric sulphur, cloud albedo and climate","volume":"326","author":"Charlson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwaa140","article-title":"Eco-chemical mechanisms govern phytoplankton emissions of dimethylsulfide in global surface waters","volume":"8","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Natl. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21058","article-title":"The integral role of iron in ocean biogeochemistry","volume":"543","author":"Tagliabue","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1080\/09670262.2020.1744039","article-title":"Iron uptake proteins in algae and the role of Iron Starvation-Induced Proteins (ISIPs)","volume":"55","author":"Behnke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4203(95)00035-P","article-title":"Iron uptake and growth limitation in oceanic and coastal phytoplankton","volume":"50","author":"Sunda","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mar. Chem."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00043","article-title":"Iron utilization in marine cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae","volume":"3","author":"Morrissey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1002\/lol2.10179","article-title":"Taxonomic and nutrient controls on phytoplankton iron quotas in the ocean","volume":"6","author":"Twining","year":"2021","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr. Lett."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate3147","article-title":"Marine phytoplankton and the changing ocean iron cycle","volume":"6","author":"Hutchins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1071\/EN04053","article-title":"Marine Biogeochemistry of Iron","volume":"1","author":"Ussher","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Chem."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2831","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.566691","article-title":"Iron Uptake Mechanisms in Marine Phytoplankton","volume":"11","author":"Sutak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_165","unstructured":"Turner, D.R., and Hunter, K.A. (2001). Distributions, Sources and Sinks of Iron in Seawater. The Biogeochemistry of Iron in Seawater, John Wiley & Sons Ltd."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-009-9235-2","article-title":"The role of siderophores in iron acquisition by photosynthetic marine microorganisms","volume":"22","author":"Hopkinson","year":"2009","journal-title":"BioMetals"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2881(01)41002-9","article-title":"Interactions between phytoplankton and trace metals in the ocean","volume":"Volume 41","author":"Whitfield","year":"2001","journal-title":"Advances in Marine Biology"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s11284-008-0470-8","article-title":"Phytoplankton stoichiometry","volume":"23","author":"Klausmeier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecol. Res."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sterner, R.W., and Elser, J.J. (2002). Ecological Stoichiometry: The Biology of Elements from Molecules to the Biosphere, Princeton University Press.","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400885695"},{"key":"ref_170","first-page":"205","article-title":"The biological control of chemical factors in the environment","volume":"46","author":"Redfield","year":"1958","journal-title":"Am. Sci."},{"key":"ref_171","unstructured":"Flemming, R.H. Composition of plankton and units for reporting populations and production. Proceedings of the Sixth Pacific Scientific Congress."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1529-8817.2000.99161.x","article-title":"Rationalizing elemental ratios in unicellular algae","volume":"36","author":"Falkowski","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_173","unstructured":"Lovelock, J. (2016). Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth, Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1991.36.8.1742","article-title":"Limitation of productivity by trace metals in the sea","volume":"36","author":"Morel","year":"1991","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.5670\/oceanog.2001.08","article-title":"Element Stoichiometry, New Production and Nitrogen Fixation","volume":"14","author":"Michaels","year":"2001","journal-title":"Oceanography"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967-0645(00)00152-1","article-title":"Ecological nitrogen-to-phosphorus stoichiometry at station ALOHA","volume":"48","author":"Karl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Deep Sea Res. Part II Top. Stud. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01953","article-title":"The evolutionary inheritance of elemental stoichiometry in marine phytoplankton","volume":"425","author":"Quigg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1134\/S0001437012020075","article-title":"Carbohydrates as indicators of biogeochemical processes","volume":"52","author":"Lazareva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oceanology"},{"key":"ref_179","unstructured":"Kotlyakov, V.M. (2004). Transformation rate of organic matter in ecosystems of Arctic seas. Arctic and Antarctic, Nauka."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1029\/2019JG005026","article-title":"Organic Matter and Mineral Interactions Modulate Flocculation Across Arctic River Mixing Zones","volume":"124","author":"Lasareva","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci."}],"container-title":["Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-7737\/12\/1\/92\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:01:52Z","timestamp":1760119312000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-7737\/12\/1\/92"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"references-count":180,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["biology12010092"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology12010092","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-7737"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-7737","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]}}}