{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:35:01Z","timestamp":1791876901168,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":178,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An escape from cellular senescence through the development of unlimited growth potential is one of the hallmarks of cancer, which is thought to be an early event in carcinogenesis. In this review, we propose that the molecular effectors of senescence, particularly the inactivation of TP53 and CDKN2A, together with telomere attrition and telomerase activation, all lead to aneuploidy in the keratinocytes from oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). Premalignant keratinocytes, therefore, not only become immortal but also develop genotypic and phenotypic cellular diversity. As a result of these changes, certain clonal cell populations likely gain the capacity to invade the underlying connective tissue. We review the clinical implications of these changes and highlight a new PCR-based assay to identify aneuploid cell in fluids such as saliva, a technique that is extremely sensitive and could facilitate the regular monitoring of OPMD without the need for surgical biopsies and may avoid potential biopsy sampling errors. We also draw attention to recent studies designed to eliminate aneuploid tumour cell populations that, potentially, is a new therapeutic approach to prevent malignant transformations in OPMD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12010103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T01:30:47Z","timestamp":1673314247000},"page":"103","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Escape from Cellular Senescence Is Associated with Chromosomal Instability in Oral Pre-Malignancy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Stephen S.","family":"Prime","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Immunology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1429-1323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Cirillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, 720 Swanson Street, Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4234-1658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. Kenneth","family":"Parkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Immunology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cancer Genome Atlas (2015). Comprehensive genomic characterization of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Nature, 517, 576\u2013582.","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14129"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.23341","article-title":"Intratumoural heterogeneity and clone evolution of oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"60","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. 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