{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:58:55Z","timestamp":1792803535473,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS)","award":["IDIS2020\/PREDOC\/03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IDIS2020\/PREDOC\/03"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05n7xcf53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is characterized by poor survival, mostly due to local invasion, loco-regional recurrence, and metastasis. Given that the weakening of cell-to-cell adhesion is a feature associated with the migration and invasion of cancer cells, different studies have explored the prognostic utility of cell adhesion molecules such as E-cadherin (E-cad). This study aims to summarize current evidence in a meta-analysis, focusing on the prognostic role of E-cad in OSCC. To find studies meeting inclusion criteria, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline, and OpenGrey databases were systematically assessed and screened. The selection process led to 25 studies, which were considered eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis, representing a sample of 2553 patients. E-cad overexpression was strongly associated with longer overall survival (OS) with Hazard Ratio (HR) \u2009= 0.41 95% confidence interval (95% CI) (0.32\u20130.54); p &lt; 0.001 and disease-free survival with HR 0.47 95% CI (0.37\u20130.61); p &lt; 0.001. In terms of OS, patients with tongue cancer experienced better survivability when expressing E-cad with HR 0.28 95% CI (0.19\u20130.43); p &lt; 0.001. Globally, our findings indicate the prognostic role of the immunohistochemical assessment of E-cad in OSCC and its expression might acquire a different role based on the oral cavity subsites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12020239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T02:05:28Z","timestamp":1675389928000},"page":"239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Overexpression of E-Cadherin Is a Favorable Prognostic Biomarker in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9180-4703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro I.","family":"Lorenzo-Pouso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8389-086X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1bio Fran\u00e7a-Vieira e","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"ORALRES Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5174-8922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alba","family":"P\u00e9rez-Jard\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"ORALRES Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5637-9908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cintia M.","family":"Chamorro-Petronacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"ORALRES Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3411-9443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f4nica G.","family":"Oliveira-Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technology Research Center (NPT), Universidade Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes 12245-000, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Anhembi Morumbi University, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12247-004, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1104-6894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d3scar","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Calder\u00f3n-Iglesias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research, Health and Podiatry Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of A Corun\u0303a, 15008 A Corun\u0303a, Spain"},{"name":"HM Hospitals Research Foundation, 28015 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5080-5921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vito Carlo Alberto","family":"Caponio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morena","family":"Pinti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7652-1660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vittoria","family":"Perrotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2196-9868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"P\u00e9rez-Say\u00e1ns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"ORALRES Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2011.00401.x","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma and precursor lesions of the oral cavity: Epidemiology and aetiology","volume":"57","author":"Johnson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21384","article-title":"The global incidence of lip, oral cavity, and pharyngeal cancers by subsite in 2012","volume":"67","author":"Shield","year":"2017","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-6264","article-title":"Molecular landscape of head and neck cancer and implications for therapy","volume":"9","author":"Farah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"1277","article-title":"Genetic and molecular alterations associated with oral squamous cell cancer (Review)","volume":"22","author":"Rey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2017.07.003","article-title":"Prognostic biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review","volume":"72","author":"Rivera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2005.07.010","article-title":"Reduced E-cadherin expression is an indicator of unfavourable prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"42","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2017.118","article-title":"EMT in cancer","volume":"18","author":"Brabletz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2012.10.009","article-title":"Epithelial to mesenchymal transition in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"49","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1835","article-title":"Complex networks orchestrate epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transitions","volume":"7","author":"Thiery","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2020.183503","article-title":"Role of tight junctions in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of cancer cells","volume":"1863","author":"Kyuno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) Biomembr."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/0964-1955(93)90053-H","article-title":"E-cadherin expression in normal, hyperplastic and malignant oral epithelium","volume":"29","author":"Downer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer Part B Oral Oncol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2018.06.037","article-title":"Desmoglein 3\u2014Influence on oral carcinoma cell migration and invasion","volume":"370","author":"Apu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1080\/19336918.2016.1195942","article-title":"Desmoglein 3 regulates membrane trafficking of cadherins, an implication in cell-cell adhesion","volume":"11","author":"Moftah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Adhes. Migr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/329341a0","article-title":"Transformation of cell adhesion properties by exogenously introduced E-cadherin cDNA","volume":"329","author":"Nagafuchi","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.75.2.464","article-title":"Functional correlation between cell adhesive properties and some cell surface proteins","volume":"75","author":"Takeichi","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3647","article-title":"Beyond E-cadherin: Roles of other cadherin superfamily members in cancer","volume":"14","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s40291-018-0351-y","article-title":"The Role of E-Cadherin as a Prognostic Biomarker in Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"22","author":"Yazdani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Diagn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/dote.12024","article-title":"The impact of E-cadherin expression on the prognosis of esophageal cancer: A meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dis. Esophagus"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2589","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.27947","article-title":"The prognostic value of E-cadherin in gastric cancer: A meta-analysis","volume":"132","author":"Xing","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1004(1998)12:4<226::AID-HUMU2>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Mutations of the human E-cadherin (CDH1) gene","volume":"12","author":"Berx","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum. Mutat."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4032","article-title":"Lack of microRNA-101 causes E-cadherin functional deregulation through EZH2 up-regulation in intestinal gastric cancer","volume":"228","author":"Carvalho","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaszak, I., Witkowska-Pi\u0142aszewicz, O., Niewiadomska, Z., Dworecka-Kaszak, B., Toka, F.N., and Jurka, P. (2020). Role of Cadherins in Cancer\u2014A Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21207624"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1640608","article-title":"The miR-200 family determines the epithelial phenotype of cancer cells by targeting the E-cadherin repressors ZEB1 and ZEB2","volume":"22","author":"Park","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-4598-10-116","article-title":"Downregulation of E-Cadherin enhances proliferation of head and neck cancer through transcriptional regulation of EGFR","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6794","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.3180","article-title":"Snail and Slug collaborate on EMT and tumor metastasis through miR-101-mediated EZH2 axis in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Zheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 Statement: An Updated Guideline for Reporting Systematic Reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008","article-title":"Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: A proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group","volume":"283","author":"Stroup","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2017.244","article-title":"Prognostic biomarkers for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"117","author":"Almangush","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2020.1772250","article-title":"Prognostic value of CAIX expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Takkouche","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Enzym. Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2815","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19981230)17:24<2815::AID-SIM110>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Extracting summary statistics to perform meta-analyses of the published literature for survival endpoints","volume":"17","author":"Parmar","year":"1998","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-8-16","article-title":"Practical methods for incorporating summary time-to-event data into meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Tierney","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10211","article-title":"Loss of E-cadherin expression resulting from promoter hypermethylation in oral tongue carcinoma and its prognostic significance","volume":"94","author":"Chang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2020.07.018","article-title":"A novel immunohistochemical scoring system reveals associations of C-terminal MET, ectodomain shedding, and loss of E-cadherin with poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"104","author":"Willems","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-013-1499-9","article-title":"Expression of E-cadherin, Twist, and p53 and their prognostic value in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"139","author":"Fan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.20908","article-title":"E-cadherin loss and \u0394Np73L expression in oral squamous cell carcinomas showing aggressive behavior","volume":"30","author":"Foschini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2006.00474.x","article-title":"Differential expression of E-cadherin in metastatic lesions comparing to primary oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"35","author":"Hung","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Oral Pathol. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2012.1673","article-title":"T-box transcription factor Brachyury expression is correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"41","author":"Imajyo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaur, J., Sawhney, M., Dattagupta, S., Shukla, N.K., Srivastava, A., Walfish, P.G., and Ralhan, R. (2013). Clinical Significance of Altered Expression of \u03b2-Catenin and E-Cadherin in Oral Dysplasia and Cancer: Potential Link with ALCAM Expression. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067361"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-248X.2007.00006.x","article-title":"Immunohistochemical expressions of E-cadherin and b-catenin correlate with the invasion, me-tastasis and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"1","author":"Kitahara","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oral Surg."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-0533-3","article-title":"Predictive Markers for Late Cervical Metastasis in Stage I and II Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Tongue","volume":"10","author":"Lim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2009.160","article-title":"Upregulation of vimentin and aberrant expression of E-cadherin\/\u03b2-catenin complex in oral squamous cell carcinomas: Correlation with the clinicopathological features and patient outcome","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20858","article-title":"P-cadherin expression reduced in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity: An indicatior of poor prognosis","volume":"103","author":"Marazuela","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1097\/00129039-200412000-00006","article-title":"Prognostic Significance of Dysadherin Expression in Tongue Cancer: Immunohistochemical Analysis of 91 Cases","volume":"12","author":"Nakanishi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl. Immunohistochem. Mol. Morphol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s12307-017-0201-1","article-title":"Prognostic Prediction of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by E-Cadherin and N-Cadherin Expression in Overall Cells in Tumor Nests or Tumor Cells at the Invasive Front","volume":"10","author":"Seki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Microenviron."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.2174\/1568009613666131126115012","article-title":"The Role of E-Cadherin Down-Regulation in Oral Cancer: CDH1 Gene Expression and Epigenetic Blockage","volume":"14","author":"Pannone","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Cancer Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2006.11.004","article-title":"Expression of E-cadherin, P-cadherin and N-cadherin in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Correlation with the clinicopathologic features and patient outcome","volume":"35","author":"Pyo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2012.03.018","article-title":"E-cadherin and \u03b2-catenin expression in well-differentiated and moderately-differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma: Relations with clinical variables","volume":"51","author":"Rosado","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"6603","article-title":"Ethnicity based variation in expression of E-cadherin in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue","volume":"16","author":"Sgaramella","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s10585-014-9690-1","article-title":"Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers have prognostic impact in multiple primary oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"32","author":"Morand","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Metastasis"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.07.023","article-title":"Aberrant expression of beta- and gamma-catenin is an independent prognostic marker in oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"35","author":"Ueda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2011.01041.x","article-title":"Tumor budding correlates with poor prognosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in tongue squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Oral Pathol. Med."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.21848","article-title":"Polycomb group protein EZH2-mediated E-cadherin repression promotes metastasis of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"52","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Carcinog."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.26226","article-title":"Deregulation of Snai2 is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in tongue squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"130","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.11.021","article-title":"The expression of E-cadherin at the invasive tumor front of oral squamous cell carcinoma: Immunohistochemical and RT-PCR analysis with clinicopathological correlation","volume":"107","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endodontol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1007\/s12253-019-00731-z","article-title":"Epithelial\u2013Mesenchymal Transition Predicts Survival in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma","volume":"26","author":"Wangmo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathol. Oncol. Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1007\/s10585-012-9485-1","article-title":"Over-expression of integrin-linked kinase correlates with aberrant expression of Snail, E-cadherin and N-cadherin in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Implications in tumor progression and metastasis","volume":"29","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Metastasis"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgw113","article-title":"Cancer-associated fibroblasts regulate keratinocyte cell\u2013cell adhesion via TGF-\u03b2-dependent pathways in genotype-specific oral cancer","volume":"38","author":"Cirillo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Carcinog."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5402\/2012\/681469","article-title":"Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma","volume":"2012","author":"Krisanaprakornkit","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISRN Oncol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2021.105310","article-title":"Genes involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral cancer: A systematic review","volume":"117","author":"Vallina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."}],"container-title":["Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-7737\/12\/2\/239\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:22:39Z","timestamp":1760120559000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-7737\/12\/2\/239"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["biology12020239"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology12020239","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-7737"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-7737","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]}}}