{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:59:07Z","timestamp":1792803547676,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Simms\/Mann Foundation"},{"name":"Bezos Family Foundation","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/006bmz964","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biobehavioral synchrony, the coordination of physiological and behavioral signals between mother and infant during social contact, tunes the child\u2019s brain to the social world. Probing this mechanism from a two-brain perspective, we examine the associations between patterns of mother\u2013infant inter-brain synchrony and the two well-studied maternal behavioral orientations\u2014sensitivity and intrusiveness\u2014which have repeatedly been shown to predict positive and negative socio-emotional outcomes, respectively. Using dual-electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings, we measure inter-brain connectivity between 60 mothers and their 5- to 12-month-old infants during face-to-face interaction. Thirty inter-brain connections show significantly higher correlations during the real mother\u2013infant face-to-face interaction compared to surrogate data. Brain\u2013behavior correlations indicate that higher maternal sensitivity linked with greater mother\u2013infant neural synchrony, whereas higher maternal intrusiveness is associated with lower inter-brain coordination. Post hoc analysis reveals that the mother-right-frontal\u2013infant-left-temporal connection is particularly sensitive to the mother\u2019s sensitive style, while the mother-left-frontal\u2013infant-right-temporal connection indexes the intrusive style. Our results support the perspective that inter-brain synchrony is a mechanism by which mature brains externally regulate immature brains to social living and suggest that one pathway by which sensitivity and intrusiveness exert their long-term effect may relate to the provision of coordinated inputs to the social brain during its sensitive period of maturation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12020284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T02:42:33Z","timestamp":1676256153000},"page":"284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Mother\u2013Infant Brain-to-Brain Synchrony Patterns Reflect Caregiving Profiles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yaara","family":"Endevelt-Shapira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Developmental Social Neuroscience, Reichman University, Herzliya 4610101, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5048-1381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth","family":"Feldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Developmental Social Neuroscience, Reichman University, Herzliya 4610101, Israel"},{"name":"Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Hillsdale, N.J. 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