{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T11:39:47Z","timestamp":1793878787480,"version":"4.7.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The concept of personalized medicine and overcoming healthcare inequalities have become extremely popular in recent decades. Polymers can support cost reductions, the simplicity of customized printing processes, and possible future wide-scale expansion. Polymers with \u03b2-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) are well known for their synergy with oral tissues and their ability to induce osteoconductivity. However, poor information exists concerning their properties after the printing process and whether they can maintain an unaffected biological role. Poly(\u03b5-caprolactone) (PCL) polymer and PCL compounded with TCP 20% composite were printed with a Prusa Mini-LCD-\u00ae3D printer. Samples were sterilised by immersion in a 2% peracetic acid solution. Sample analyses were performed using infrared-spectroscopy and statical mechanical tests. Biocompatibility tests, such as cell adhesion on the substrate, evaluations of the metabolic activity of viable cells on substrates, and F-actin labelling, followed by FilaQuant-Software were performed using a MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts line. PCL+\u03b2-TCP-20% composite is satisfactory for commercial 3D printing and appears suitable to sustain an ISO14937:200937 sterilization procedure. In addition, the proper actin cytoskeleton rearrangement clearly shows their biocompatibility as well as their ability to favour osteoblast adhesion, which is a pivotal condition for cell proliferation and differentiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12040536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T02:32:27Z","timestamp":1680489147000},"page":"536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Tackling Inequalities in Oral Health: Bone Augmentation in Dental Surgery through the 3D Printing of Poly(\u03b5-caprolactone) Combined with 20% Tricalcium Phosphate"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8622-4328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"De Angelis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering (DICCA), University of Genoa, 16100 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry Department of Periodontology, Trisakti University, Jakarta 11440, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0494-7942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Amaroli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV) University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Giovanna","family":"Sabbieti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4553-9360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Cappelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4839-5913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Lagazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering (DICCA), University of Genoa, 16100 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4747-6471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Pasquale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering (DICCA), University of Genoa, 16100 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Barberis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering (DICCA), University of Genoa, 16100 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Agas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7250.1652","article-title":"ABC of Oral Health. 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