{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T10:05:53Z","timestamp":1791367553428,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]],"date-time":"2023-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This study investigated the effect of diet consistency on mandibular growth of Wistar rats through three generations. Methods: A total breeding sample of 60 female and 8 male Wistar rats were used in this study. Measurements took place only on female animals. Twenty female Wistar rats at 30 days old and four male rats at 30 days old comprised the primary breeding sample of the first generation, and from these animals two different generations were reproduced. Lateral cephalometric X-rays were taken from all female rats at the age of 100 days. A total of 7 craniofacial landmarks were selected for the linear measurements, and 12 curves and 90 landmarks were selected for geometric morphometric analysis of the lateral X-rays. Bonferroni test and a permutation test were performed for the statistical analysis. Results: Means of measurements of all soft diet groups compared to hard diet groups were significantly smaller. According to linear measurements, there was a significant difference only between the first-generation soft diet with the third-generation soft diet group. According to geometric morphometric analysis, the statistical differences appeared on the condylar process and the angle of the mandible. Conclusions: The soft diet could be responsible for less mandibular growth, and this information might be passing through generations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12040568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T03:26:06Z","timestamp":1681097166000},"page":"568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Long-Term Effect of Diet Consistency on Mandibular Growth within Three Generations: A Longitudinal Cephalometric Study in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5435-4889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis A.","family":"Tsolakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54154 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Verikokos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Surgery, \u201cLaikon Hospital\u201d, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5146-4399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Papaioannou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6922-895X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantina-Eleni","family":"Alexiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Diagnosis & Radiology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7817-5685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zafeiroula","family":"Yfanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Diagnosis & Radiology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Despoina","family":"Perrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3019-5438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Apostolos I.","family":"Tsolakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Dentistry, 10679 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.21122","article-title":"Influence of food consistency on growth and morphology of the mandibular condyle","volume":"24","author":"Dias","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. 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