{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T03:07:18Z","timestamp":1784084838935,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nematodes of the genus Oswaldocruzia are common parasites of the small intestine of amphibians and reptiles. Our recent molecular analysis of Oswaldocruzia nematodes revealed that only Oswaldocruzia filiformis, which possesses high morphological variability, parasitizes amphibians and reptiles in European Russia. Here we present the study of Oswaldocruzia nematodes from the European green toad Bufotes viridis (Anura, Bufonidae) collected at different localities of the Middle Volga region in 2018\u20132022. We analyzed the morphological characteristics of the Oswaldocruzia spp. taxonomy together with novel molecular phylogenetic data. The data on phylogenetic analysis (based on partial CoxI mtDNA gene sequences) showed that Bufotes viridis is parasitized by two Oswaldocruzia species, the host-specific parasite Oswaldocruzia ukrainae and species generalist Oswaldocruzia filiformis. Broad morphological variability was revealed in O. ukrainae nematodes both from the same host specimen and from various toad individuals from different localities. Our results highlight the need for further biodiversity research of morphologically similar Oswaldocruzia species from amphibians and reptiles in the Western Palearctic using molecular genetic methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12060772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]],"date-time":"2023-05-27T16:18:43Z","timestamp":1685204323000},"page":"772","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Oswaldocruzia ukrainae (Nematoda: Molineidae)\u2014A Parasite of European Green Toad Bufotes viridis: Morphological and Molecular Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Nadezhda Yu.","family":"Kirillova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Samara Federal Research Scientific Center RAS, Institute of Ecology of Volga River Basin RAS, 445003 Togliatti, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4374-8858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander A.","family":"Kirillov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Samara Federal Research Scientific Center RAS, Institute of Ecology of Volga River Basin RAS, 445003 Togliatti, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0579-1660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergei V.","family":"Shchenkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor V.","family":"Chikhlyaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Samara Federal Research Scientific Center RAS, Institute of Ecology of Volga River Basin RAS, 445003 Togliatti, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2019.106615","article-title":"Fifteen shades of green: The evolution of Bufotes toads revisited","volume":"141","author":"Dufresnes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. 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