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The predominant human pathogen within the family is Rabies lyssavirus, the main cause of human rabies. While rabies is itself a neglected disease, there are other, less well studied, rhabdoviruses known to cause human infection. The increasing application of next-generation sequencing technology to clinical samples has led to the detection of several novel or rarely detected rhabdoviruses associated with febrile illness. Many of these viruses have been detected in low- and middle-income countries where the extent of human infection and the burden of disease remain largely unquantified. This review describes the rhabdoviruses other than Rabies lyssavirus that have been associated with human infection. The discovery of the Bas Congo virus and Ekpoma virus is discussed, as is the re-emergence of species such as Le Dantec virus, which has recently been detected in Africa 40 years after its initial isolation. Chandipura virus and the lyssaviruses that are known to cause human rabies are also described. Given their association with human disease, the viruses described in this review should be prioritised for further study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12060878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]],"date-time":"2023-06-19T03:04:40Z","timestamp":1687143880000},"page":"878","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Emerging Rhabdoviruses and Human Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3915-048X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James G.","family":"Shepherd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Virus Research, MRC-University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7317-3266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Virus Research, MRC-University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7475-2705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel G.","family":"Streicker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Virus Research, MRC-University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK"},{"name":"School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1482-0889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma C.","family":"Thomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Virus Research, MRC-University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-019-04247-4","article-title":"Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: Update 2019","volume":"164","author":"Amarasinghe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. 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