{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T04:32:00Z","timestamp":1777437120034,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT, Mexico)","award":["DGO-2008-C01-87559"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGO-2008-C01-87559"]}]},{"name":"National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT, Mexico)","award":["DGO-2009-C02-116746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGO-2009-C02-116746"]}]},{"name":"National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT, Mexico)","award":["CONACYT-SIVILLA-1998-0401010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CONACYT-SIVILLA-1998-0401010"]}]},{"name":"National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT, Mexico)","award":["ALFA-III-ALAS\/ALFA-III-82"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALFA-III-ALAS\/ALFA-III-82"]}]},{"name":"National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT, Mexico)","award":["2017-4-291691"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-4-291691"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["DGO-2008-C01-87559"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGO-2008-C01-87559"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["DGO-2009-C02-116746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGO-2009-C02-116746"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["CONACYT-SIVILLA-1998-0401010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CONACYT-SIVILLA-1998-0401010"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["ALFA-III-ALAS\/ALFA-III-82"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALFA-III-ALAS\/ALFA-III-82"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["2017-4-291691"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-4-291691"]}]},{"name":"Research Sectorial Fund SAGARPA-CONACYT","award":["DGO-2008-C01-87559"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGO-2008-C01-87559"]}]},{"name":"Research Sectorial Fund SAGARPA-CONACYT","award":["DGO-2009-C02-116746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGO-2009-C02-116746"]}]},{"name":"Research Sectorial Fund SAGARPA-CONACYT","award":["CONACYT-SIVILLA-1998-0401010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CONACYT-SIVILLA-1998-0401010"]}]},{"name":"Research Sectorial Fund SAGARPA-CONACYT","award":["ALFA-III-ALAS\/ALFA-III-82"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALFA-III-ALAS\/ALFA-III-82"]}]},{"name":"Research Sectorial Fund SAGARPA-CONACYT","award":["2017-4-291691"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-4-291691"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The neuroendocrine regulation of the seasonal reproductive axis requires the integration of internal and external signals to ensure synchronized physiological and behavioral responses. Seasonal reproductive changes contribute to intermittent production, which poses challenges for optimizing goat product yields. Consequently, a significant objective in seasonal reproduction research is to attain continuous reproduction and enhance profitability in goat farming. Glutamate plays a crucial role as a modulator in several reproductive and metabolic processes. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential impact of exogenous glutamate administration on serum insulin concentration and ovarian function during the out-of-season period in yearling goats. During the anestrous season, animals were randomly located in individual pens to form two experimental groups: (1) glutamate (n = 10, live weight (LW) = 29.1 \u00b1 1.02 kg, body condition score (BCS) = 3.4 \u00b1 0.2 units) and (2) control (n = 10; LW = 29.2 \u00b1 1.07 kg, BCS = 3.5 \u00b1 0.2), with no differences (p &lt; 0.05) regarding LW and BCS. Then, goats were estrus-synchronized, and blood sampling was carried out for insulin quantification. Ovaries were ultrasonographically scanned to assess ovulation rate (OR), number of antral follicles (AFs), and total ovarian activity (TOA = OR + AF). The research outcomes support our working hypothesis. Certainly, our study confirms that those yearling goats treated with exogenous glutamate displayed the largest (p &lt; 0.05) insulin concentrations across time as well as an augmented (p &lt; 0.05) out-of-season ovarian activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12071041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T00:47:03Z","timestamp":1690159623000},"page":"1041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Targeted Glutamate Supply Boosts Insulin Concentrations, Ovarian Activity, and Ovulation Rate in Yearling Goats during the Anestrous Season"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0339-9224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis A.","family":"Luna-Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Regional Universitaria de Zonas Aridas, Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, Bermejillo, Durango 35230, Mexico"},{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0289-2009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cesar A.","family":"Meza-Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Regional Universitaria de Zonas Aridas, Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, Bermejillo, Durango 35230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9574-383X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos C.","family":"Perez-Marin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5491-0662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angeles","family":"De Santiago-Miramontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias en Produccioon Agropecuaria, Universidad Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Periferico Ra\u00fal L\u00f3pez Sanchez y Carretera a Santa Fe, Torreon 27054, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica M.","family":"Flores-Salas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias en Produccioon Agropecuaria, Universidad Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Periferico Ra\u00fal L\u00f3pez Sanchez y Carretera a Santa Fe, Torreon 27054, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebeca","family":"Corona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Neurobiologia Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Neuroanatomia Funcional y Neuroendocrinologia, Instituto de Neurobiologia, UNAM, Queretaro 76230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guadalupe","family":"Calderon-Leyva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias en Produccioon Agropecuaria, Universidad Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Periferico Ra\u00fal L\u00f3pez Sanchez y Carretera a Santa Fe, Torreon 27054, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5105-1508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco G.","family":"Veliz-Deras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias en Produccioon Agropecuaria, Universidad Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Periferico Ra\u00fal L\u00f3pez Sanchez y Carretera a Santa Fe, Torreon 27054, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7867-2745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cayetano","family":"Navarrete-Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Technological University of Rodeo, Durango 35760, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruben I.","family":"Marin-Tinoco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Technological University of Rodeo, Durango 35760, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.2183\/pjab.95.025","article-title":"The Underlying Mechanisms of Vertebrate Seasonal Reproduction","volume":"95","author":"Guh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. 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