{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:24:03Z","timestamp":1760149443488,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo","award":["2023001","2022-F15","2022-F22","20221JCGY010532","20221JCGY010607"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023001","2022-F15","2022-F22","20221JCGY010532","20221JCGY010607"]}]},{"name":"the Project of NINGBO Leading Medical &amp; Health Discipline","award":["2023001","2022-F15","2022-F22","20221JCGY010532","20221JCGY010607"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023001","2022-F15","2022-F22","20221JCGY010532","20221JCGY010607"]}]},{"name":"Ningbo Natural Science Foundation","award":["2023001","2022-F15","2022-F22","20221JCGY010532","20221JCGY010607"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023001","2022-F15","2022-F22","20221JCGY010532","20221JCGY010607"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Taking part in moderate-to-vigorous exercise in contact sports on a regular basis may be linked to an increase in cerebrovascular injury and head trauma. Validated objective measures are lacking in the initial post-event diagnosis of head injury. The exercise style, duration, and intensity may also confound diagnostic indicators. As a result, we propose that the new Interdisciplinary Group in Movement &amp; Performance from Acute &amp; Chronic Head Trauma (IMPACT) analyze a variety of functional (biomechanical and motor control) tests as well as related biochemistry to see how they are affected by contact in sports and head injury. The study\u2019s goal will be to look into the performance and physiological changes in rugby players after a game for head trauma and injury. Methods: This one-of-a-kind study will use a randomized controlled trial (RCT) utilizing a sport participation group and a non-participation control group. Forty male rugby 7 s players will be recruited for the study and allocated randomly to the experimental groups. The intervention group will participate in three straight rugby matches during a local 7 s rugby event. At the pre-match baseline, demographic and anthropometric data will be collected. This will be followed by the pre-match baseline collection of biochemical, biomechanical, and cognitive-motor task data. After three consecutive matches, the same measures will be taken. During each match, a notational analysis will be undertaken to obtain contact information. All measurements will be taken again 24, 48, and 72 h after the third match. Discussion: When the number of games increases owing to weariness and\/or stressful circumstances, we expect a decline in body movement, coordination, and cognitive-motor tasks. Changes in blood biochemistry are expected to correspond to changes in biomechanics and cognitive-motor processes. This research proposal will generate considerable, ecologically valid data on the occurrence of head trauma events under game conditions, as well as the influence of these events on the biological systems of the performers. This will lead to a greater understanding of how sports participants react to exercise-induced injuries. This study\u2019s scope will have far-reaching ramifications for doctors, coaches, managers, scientists, and sports regulatory bodies concerned with the health and well-being of athletic populations at all levels of competition, including all genders and ages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12081089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T09:27:48Z","timestamp":1691141268000},"page":"1089","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sports-Related Concussion Assessment: A New Physiological, Biomechanical, and Cognitive Methodology Incorporating a Randomized Controlled Trial Study Protocol"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Gareth","family":"Irwin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China"},{"name":"Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China"},{"name":"Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF52YB, UK"},{"name":"Sport and Health Interdisciplinary Group in Movement & Performance from Acute & Chronic Head Trauma (IMPACT) Group, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF52YB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8102-3022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Rogatzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport and Health Interdisciplinary Group in Movement & Performance from Acute & Chronic Head Trauma (IMPACT) Group, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF52YB, UK"},{"name":"Department of Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huw D.","family":"Wiltshire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF52YB, UK"},{"name":"Sport and Health Interdisciplinary Group in Movement & Performance from Acute & Chronic Head Trauma (IMPACT) Group, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF52YB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1707-8245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Genevieve K. R.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport and Health Interdisciplinary Group in Movement & Performance from Acute & Chronic Head Trauma (IMPACT) Group, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF52YB, UK"},{"name":"Department of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX44QJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2187-9440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaodong","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China"},{"name":"Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China"},{"name":"Sport and Health Interdisciplinary Group in Movement & Performance from Acute & Chronic Head Trauma (IMPACT) Group, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF52YB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Garrett I.","family":"Ash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport and Health Interdisciplinary Group in Movement & Performance from Acute & Chronic Head Trauma (IMPACT) Group, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF52YB, UK"},{"name":"Section of General Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"},{"name":"Center for Pain, Research, Informatics, Medical Comorbidities and Education Center (PRIME), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9437-3646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport and Health Interdisciplinary Group in Movement & Performance from Acute & Chronic Head Trauma (IMPACT) Group, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF52YB, UK"},{"name":"Department of Government and International Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9093-7897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julien S.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China"},{"name":"Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China"},{"name":"Sport and Health Interdisciplinary Group in Movement & Performance from Acute & Chronic Head Trauma (IMPACT) Group, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF52YB, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000720","article-title":"American medical society for sports medicine position statement on concussion in sport","volume":"29","author":"Harmon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. 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