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Exosomes can mediate intercellular communication through the bioactive substances they carry, thus participating in different physiological activities. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a disease caused by disturbances in the body\u2019s metabolism, mainly including insulin resistance (IR), diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis (AS). Recent studies have shown that exosomes are closely related to the occurrence and development of MS. Exosomes can act as messengers to mediate signaling transductions between metabolic cells in the organism and play a bidirectional regulatory role in the MS process. This paper mainly reviews the components, biogenesis, biological functions and potential applications of exosomes, and exosomes involved in the pathogenesis of MS as well as their clinical significance in MS diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12121480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T03:58:02Z","timestamp":1701403082000},"page":"1480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Exosomes: New Insights into the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ning","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4448-5276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ebenezeri Erasto","family":"Ngowi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Dar es Salaam University College of Education, Dar es Salaam 2329, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baolong","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7545-3395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aijun","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.21945","article-title":"Exosome theranostics: Biology and translational medicine","volume":"8","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00494","article-title":"Exosomes: A rising star in failing hearts","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. 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