{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:34:53Z","timestamp":1760142893341,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"STONEK Ltd., Dental clinic. Kosice, Slovak Republic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The issue of bone volume loss is playing an increasing role in bone tissue engineering. Research has focused on studying the preparation and use of different types of human or xenogenic materials and their osteogenic properties. An alternative source for this purpose could be autologous extracted teeth. The simple preparation protocol, minimal immune response, and rapid organizing of the newly formed bone with optimal mechanical properties predispose autologous hard teeth tissues (HTTs) as a promising material suitable in the indication of augmentation of maxillary and mandible defects, comparable to other high-end augmentation materials. The aim of this study was to experimentally evaluate the osteogenic potential of ground native autologous HTTs prepared by different demineralization procedures, aimed at potentiating the osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties of their organic components. The results indicate that the most effective preparation process for HTT stimulation is the application of Cleanser for 10 min followed by exposure to 0.6 N HCl for 5 min with a wash in phosphate-buffered saline solution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology13010040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T05:24:12Z","timestamp":1704950652000},"page":"40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stimulation of Osteogenic Activity of Autologous Teeth Hard Tissues as Bone Augmentation Material"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jan","family":"Ku\u010dera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8753-554X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franti\u0161ek","family":"Lofaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, \u00daMV SAV Ko\u0161ice, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zuzana","family":"Nagyov\u00e1-Krchova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia","family":"\u0160ur\u00edn Hud\u00e1kov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Vojtko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, \u00daMV SAV Ko\u0161ice, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vit\u011bslav","family":"B\u0159ezina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Bone augmentation with TiMesh. autologous bone versus autologous bone and bone substitutes. A systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Carini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Stomatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Um, I.-W., Ku, J.-K., Kim, Y.-M., Yun, P.-Y., Chang, N.-H., Kim, Y.-K., and Choi, Y. (2020). Allogeneic Demineralized Dentin Matrix Graft for guided Bone Regeneration in Dental Implants. Appl. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/app10134661"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12885","article-title":"Autogenous demineralized dentin matrix from extracted tooth for the augmentation of alveolar bone defect: A prospective randomized clinical trial in comparison with anorganic bovine bone","volume":"28","author":"Pang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7442","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2011.4857","article-title":"Analysis of the inorganic component of autogenous tooth bone graft material","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.8279","article-title":"Demineralized Human Dentin Matrix as an Osteoinductor in the Dental Socket: An Experimental Study in Wistar Rats","volume":"35","author":"Fernandes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implant."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding, T., Kang, W., Li, J., Yu, L., and Ge, S. (2021). An in situ tissue engineering scaffold with growth factors combining angiogenesis and osteoimmunomodulatory functions for advanced periodontal bone regeneration. J. Nanobiotechnol., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-021-00992-4"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, R., Zhang, R., Liu, S., Yang, Y., Dong, W., Wang, M., Mi, H., Liu, M., Sun, J., and Zhang, X. (2023). Biomimetic, biodegradable and osteoinductive treated dentin matrix\/\u03b1-calcium sulphate hemihydrate composite material for bone tissue engineering. Regen. Biomater., 10.","DOI":"10.1093\/rb\/rbad061"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2011.10.011","article-title":"Demineralised human dentine matrix stimulates the expression of VEGF and accelerates the bone repair in tooth sockets of rats","volume":"57","author":"Silva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4450","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22823-7","article-title":"The dynamics of TGF-\u03b2 in dental pulp, odontoblasts and dentin","volume":"8","author":"Niwa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2012.11.013","article-title":"TGF-\u03b21 and BMP-4 carried by liposomes enhance the healing process in alveolar bone","volume":"58","author":"Ferreira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.03.008","article-title":"Human treated dentin matrix as a natural scaffold for complete human dentin tissue regeneration","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6440202204648","article-title":"Demineralized human dentin matrix for alveolar ridge preservation using a volumetric and histologic analyses in rats","volume":"33","author":"Moraes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Braz. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2616","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.35790","article-title":"Different methods of dentin processing for application in bone tissue engineering: A systematic review","volume":"104","author":"Tabatabaei","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Minetti, E., Palermo, A., Malcangi, G., Inchingolo, A.D., Mancini, A., Dipalma, G., Inchingolo, F., Patano, A., and Inchingolo, A.M. (2023). Dentin, Dentin Graft, and Bone Graft: Microscopic and Spectroscopic Analysis. J. Funct. Biomater., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb14050272"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Solyom, E., Szalai, E., Czumbel, M.L., Szabo, B., V\u00e1ncsa, S., Mikulas, K., Radoczy-Drajko, Z., Varga, G., Hegyi, P., and Molnar, B. (2023). The use of autogenous tooth bone graft is an efficient method of alveolar ridge preservation-meta-analysis and systematic review. BMC Oral Health, 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-02930-2"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13722","article-title":"Alveolar ridge preservation using autogenous whole-tooth versus demineralized dentin grafts: A randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"32","author":"Elfana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.5125\/jkaoms.2015.41.3.119","article-title":"Effects of fresh mineralized dentin and cementum on socket healing: A preliminary study in dogs","volume":"41","author":"Kadkhodazadeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Korean Assoc. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.2485\/jhtb.26.223","article-title":"Osteogenic potential of demineralized dentin matrix as bone graft material","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hard Tissue Biol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1097\/ID.0000000000000351","article-title":"Histomorphometric Analysis of Contaminated Autogenous Tooth Graft Materials after Various Sterilization","volume":"25","author":"Jin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Implant. Dent."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"6","article-title":"Novel procedure to process extracted teeth for immediate grafting of autogenous dentin","volume":"2","author":"Binderman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Interdiscip. Med. Dent. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2000835","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202000835","article-title":"Nanometric Chemical Analysis of Beam-Sensitive Materials: A Case Study of STEM-EDX on Perovskite Solar Cells","volume":"5","author":"Kosasih","year":"2021","journal-title":"Small Methods"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matousek, P., and Stone, N. (2007). Prospects for the diagnosis of breast cancer by noninvasive probing of calcifications using transmission Raman spectroscopy. J. Biomed. Opt., 12.","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2718934"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rehman, I., Movasaghi, Z., and Rehman, S. (2012). Vibrational Spectroscopy for Tissue Analysis, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/b12949"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"270","article-title":"Hardness and indentation modulus of human enamel and dentin","volume":"55","author":"Vojtko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surf. Interface Anal."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-391857-4.00009-4","article-title":"Methods for cell and particle tracking","volume":"504","author":"Meijering","year":"2012","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1082160","article-title":"Light microscopy techniques for live cell imaging","volume":"300","author":"Stephens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(67)90095-7","article-title":"Bone induction by decalcified dentine implanted into oral, osseous and muscle tissues","volume":"12","author":"Yeomans","year":"1967","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12911","article-title":"Hard and soft tissue changes following alveolar ridge preservation: A systematic review","volume":"28","author":"MacBeth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.34133","article-title":"Biomaterial granules used for filling bone defects constitute 3D scaffolds: Porosity, microarchitecture and molecular composition analyzed by microCT and Raman microspectroscopy","volume":"107","author":"Arbez","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B Appl. Biomater."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.11607\/prd.4045","article-title":"New Bone Formation Using an Extracted Tooth as a Biomaterial: A Case Report with Histologic Evidence","volume":"39","author":"Cardaropoli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodontics Restor. Dent."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cenicante, J., Botelho, J., Machado, V., Mendes, J.J., Mascarenhas, P., Alcoforado, G., and Santos, A. (2021). The use of autogenous teeth for alveolar ridge preservation: A literature review. Appl. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/app11041853"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2021.06.005","article-title":"What grafting materials produce greater alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction? A systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Canellas","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2020.07.018","article-title":"A neoteric procedure for alveolar ridge preservation using autogenous fresh mineralized tooth graft prepared at chair side","volume":"10","author":"Dwivedi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Oral Biol. Craniofac. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2022.04.018","article-title":"Autogenous tooth bone graft material prepared chairside and its clinical applications: A systematic review","volume":"52","author":"Mahardawi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"Cd010176","article-title":"Interventions for replacing missing teeth: Alveolar ridge preservation techniques for dental implant site development","volume":"4","author":"Atieh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-015-1558-5","article-title":"Enamel matrix derivative improves gingival fibroblast cell behavior cultured on titanium surfaces","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/jmi.12212","article-title":"Porosity imaged by a vector projection algorithm correlates with fractal dimension measured on 3D models obtained by microCT","volume":"258","author":"Chappard","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Microsc."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2015.00161","article-title":"3D Porous Architecture of Stacks of \u03b2-TCP Granules Compared with That of Trabecular Bone: A microCT, Vector Analysis, and Compression Study","volume":"6","author":"Chappard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s40543-018-0142-4","article-title":"Material structure, properties, and dynamics through scanning transmission electron microscopy","volume":"9","author":"Pennycook","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anal. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Ren, L., Wang, Q., Wen, Z., Liu, C., and Ding, Y. (2022). Raman Spectroscopy: A Potential Diagnostic Tool for Oral Diseases. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.775236"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122725","article-title":"Simultaneous multielement imaging of liver tissue using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry","volume":"235","author":"Ralbovsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ingendoh-Tsakmakidis, A., Nolte, L., Winkel, A., Meyer, H., Koroleva, A., Shpichka, A., Ripken, T., Heisterkamp, A., and Stiesch, M. (2018). Time resolved 3D live-cell imaging on implants. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205411"}],"container-title":["Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-7737\/13\/1\/40\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:44:36Z","timestamp":1760103876000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-7737\/13\/1\/40"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["biology13010040"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology13010040","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-7737"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2079-7737"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]}}}