{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:07:29Z","timestamp":1792789649501,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"King Saud University through the Vice Deanship of Scientific Research Chair and Glaucoma Research Chair in Ophthalmology","award":["GRC-2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRC-2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Adult-onset glaucoma, an age-related neurodegenerative disease, is very prevalent among the elderly Arabs of Saudi origin. This study investigated the association between apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene variants (rs429358 and rs7412) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in Arabs of Saudi origin. A case-control genetic association study involving 179 POAG patients and 251 controls utilized Sanger sequencing to genotype APOE gene variants. The allele frequencies and genotype distributions for rs429358 and rs7412 did not show significant associations with POAG. The haplotype analysis revealed apo\u03b53 (87.6% and 87.4%) as the most prevalent, followed by \u03b54 (2.8% and 3.6%) and \u03b52 (9.6% and 8.9%) in the controls and POAG patients, respectively. Although the \u03b52\/\u03b53 genotype and \u03b52-carriers displayed a more than two-fold increased risk, statistical significance was not reached. Notably, these polymorphisms did not affect clinical markers, such as intraocular pressure and cup\/disc ratio. The logistic regression analysis demonstrated no significant influence of age, sex, rs429358, or rs7412 polymorphisms on POAG. In conclusion, within the Saudi cohort, APOE variants (rs429358 and rs7412) do not appear to be associated with POAG and are not substantial risk factors for its development. However, additional population-based studies are required to validate these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology13010062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T11:36:41Z","timestamp":1705923401000},"page":"62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Common Variants rs429358 and rs7412 in APOE Gene Are Not Associated with POAG in a Saudi Cohort"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5516-6951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Altaf A.","family":"Kondkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Glaucoma Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahira","family":"Sultan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taif A.","family":"Azad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanvir","family":"Khatlani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Blood and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz A.","family":"Alshehri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Imam Abdulrahman Alfaisal Hospital, Riyadh 14723, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Essam A.","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenn P.","family":"Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55347, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3504-2828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faisal A.","family":"Almobarak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0573-4017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saleh A.","family":"Al-Obeidan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Glaucoma Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjopt.2019.02.006","article-title":"The prevalence and determinants of glaucoma among 40 years and older saudi residents in the riyadh governorate (except the capital)\u2014A community based survey","volume":"33","author":"Khandekar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Saudi J. 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