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Tumor immunotherapy, which includes immune target inhibition and chimeric antigen receptor cell treatment, is currently evolving quickly. Among them, natural killer (NK) cells are gradually becoming another preferred cell immunotherapy after T cell immunotherapy due to their unique killing effects in innate and adaptive immunity. NK cell therapy has shown encouraging outcomes in clinical studies; however, there are still some problems, including limited efficacy in solid tumors, inadequate NK cell penetration, and expensive treatment expenses. Noteworthy benefits of nanomaterials include their chemical specificity, biocompatibility, and ease of manufacturing; these make them promising instruments for enhancing NK cell anti-tumor immune responses. Nanomaterials can promote NK cell homing and infiltration, participate in NK cell modification and non-invasive cell tracking and imaging modes, and greatly increase the effectiveness of NK cell immunotherapy. The introduction of NK cell-based immunotherapy research and a more detailed discussion of nanomaterial research in NK cell-based immunotherapy and molecular imaging will be the main topics of this review.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology13030153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T11:52:55Z","timestamp":1709034775000},"page":"153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Research Progress of Nanomaterials Acting on NK Cells in Tumor Immunotherapy and Imaging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yachan","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haojie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangtao","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueling","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2775-5166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingze","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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